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Qwen-Image 2.1 Full Parameter Training Guide

This document provides a complete workflow for full parameter training of the Qwen-Image 2.1 Diffusion Transformer, including environment configuration, data preparation, distributed training, and inference testing.

Table of Contents


1. Environment Configuration

Method 1: Using requirements.txt

pip install -r requirements.txt

Method 2: Manual Dependency Installation

pip install Pillow einops safetensors timm tomesd librosa "torch>=2.1.2" torchdiffeq torchsde decord datasets numpy scikit-image
pip install omegaconf SentencePiece imageio[ffmpeg] imageio[pyav] tensorboard beautifulsoup4 ftfy func_timeout onnxruntime
pip install "peft>=0.17.0" "accelerate>=0.25.0" "gradio>=3.41.2" "diffusers>=0.30.1" "transformers>=4.46.2"
pip install yunchang xfuser modelscope openpyxl
pip uninstall opencv-python opencv-contrib-python opencv-python-headless -y
pip install opencv-python-headless
pip install deepspeed==0.17.0 numpy==1.26.4

Method 3: Using Docker

When using Docker, please ensure that the GPU driver and CUDA environment are correctly installed on your machine, then execute the following commands:

# pull image
docker pull mybigpai-public-registry.cn-beijing.cr.aliyuncs.com/easycv/torch_cuda:cogvideox_fun

# enter image
docker run -it -p 7860:7860 --network host --gpus all --security-opt seccomp:unconfined --shm-size 200g mybigpai-public-registry.cn-beijing.cr.aliyuncs.com/easycv/torch_cuda:cogvideox_fun

2. Data Preparation

2.1 Quick Test Dataset

We provide a test dataset containing several training samples.

# Download official demo dataset
modelscope download --dataset PAI/X-Fun-Images-Demo --local_dir ./datasets/X-Fun-Images-Demo

2.2 Dataset Structure

📦 datasets/
├── 📂 my_dataset/
│   ├── 📂 train/
│   │   ├── 📄 image001.jpg
│   │   ├── 📄 image002.png
│   │   └── 📄 ...
│   └── 📄 metadata.json

2.3 metadata.json Format

Relative Path Format (example):

[
  {
    "file_path": "train/image001.jpg",
    "text": "A beautiful sunset over the ocean, golden hour lighting",
    "width": 1024,
    "height": 1024
  },
  {
    "file_path": "train/image002.png",
    "text": "Portrait of a young woman, studio lighting, high quality",
    "width": 1024,
    "height": 1024
  }
]

Absolute Path Format:

[
  {
    "file_path": "/mnt/data/images/sunset.jpg",
    "text": "A beautiful sunset over the ocean",
    "width": 1024,
    "height": 1024
  }
]

Key Fields Description:

  • file_path: Image path (relative or absolute)
  • text: Image description (English prompt)
  • width / height: Image dimensions (recommended to provide for bucket training; if not provided, they will be automatically read during training, which may slow down training when data is stored on slow systems like OSS)
    • You can use scripts/process_json_add_width_and_height.py to add width and height fields to JSON files without these fields, supporting both images and videos
    • Usage: python scripts/process_json_add_width_and_height.py --input_file datasets/X-Fun-Images-Demo/metadata.json --output_file datasets/X-Fun-Images-Demo/metadata_add_width_height.json

💡 Training images are read as RGB and automatically composited over an opaque alpha channel before VAE encoding, so you do not need to provide RGBA data.

2.4 Relative vs Absolute Path Usage

Relative Paths:

If your data uses relative paths, configure the training script as follows:

export DATASET_NAME="datasets/X-Fun-Images-Demo/"
export DATASET_META_NAME="datasets/X-Fun-Images-Demo/metadata_add_width_height.json"

Absolute Paths:

If your data uses absolute paths, configure the training script as follows:

export DATASET_NAME=""
export DATASET_META_NAME="/mnt/data/metadata_add_width_height.json"

💡 Recommendation: If the dataset is small and stored locally, use relative paths. If the dataset is stored on external storage (e.g., NAS, OSS) or shared across multiple machines, use absolute paths.


3. Full Parameter Training

3.1 Download Pretrained Model

# Create model directory
mkdir -p models/Diffusion_Transformer

# Download Qwen-Image 2.1 official weights
modelscope download --model Qwen/Qwen-Image-2.1 --local_dir models/Diffusion_Transformer/Qwen-Image-2.1

💡 If the ModelScope id differs from the above, adjust it to the official Qwen-Image-2.1 release. You may also point --pretrained_model_name_or_path to any local directory in diffusers layout that contains the transformer/, vae/, text_encoder/, processor/ and scheduler/ subfolders.

3.2 Quick Start (DeepSpeed-Zero-2)

If you have downloaded the data as per 2.1 Quick Test Dataset and the weights as per 3.1 Download Pretrained Model, you can directly copy and run the quick start command.

DeepSpeed-Zero-2 and FSDP are recommended for training. Here we use DeepSpeed-Zero-2 as an example.

The difference between DeepSpeed-Zero-2 and FSDP lies in whether the model weights are sharded. If VRAM is insufficient when using multiple GPUs with DeepSpeed-Zero-2, you can switch to FSDP.

export MODEL_NAME="models/Diffusion_Transformer/Qwen-Image-2.1"
export DATASET_NAME="datasets/X-Fun-Images-Demo/"
export DATASET_META_NAME="datasets/X-Fun-Images-Demo/metadata_add_width_height.json"
# NCCL_IB_DISABLE=1 and NCCL_P2P_DISABLE=1 are used in multi nodes without RDMA. 
# export NCCL_IB_DISABLE=1
# export NCCL_P2P_DISABLE=1
NCCL_DEBUG=INFO

accelerate launch --use_deepspeed --deepspeed_config_file config/zero_stage2_config.json --deepspeed_multinode_launcher standard scripts/qwenimage21/train.py \
  --pretrained_model_name_or_path=$MODEL_NAME \
  --train_data_dir=$DATASET_NAME \
  --train_data_meta=$DATASET_META_NAME \
  --train_batch_size=1 \
  --image_sample_size=1024 \
  --gradient_accumulation_steps=1 \
  --dataloader_num_workers=8 \
  --num_train_epochs=100 \
  --checkpointing_steps=50 \
  --learning_rate=2e-05 \
  --lr_scheduler="constant_with_warmup" \
  --lr_warmup_steps=100 \
  --seed=42 \
  --output_dir="output_dir_qwenimage21" \
  --gradient_checkpointing \
  --mixed_precision="bf16" \
  --adam_weight_decay=3e-2 \
  --adam_epsilon=1e-10 \
  --vae_mini_batch=1 \
  --max_grad_norm=0.05 \
  --enable_bucket \
  --uniform_sampling \
  --trainable_modules "."

3.3 Common Training Parameters

Key Parameter Descriptions:

Parameter Description Example Value
--pretrained_model_name_or_path Path to pretrained model models/Diffusion_Transformer/Qwen-Image-2.1
--train_data_dir Training data directory datasets/X-Fun-Images-Demo/
--train_data_meta Training data metadata file datasets/X-Fun-Images-Demo/metadata_add_width_height.json
--train_batch_size Samples per batch 1
--image_sample_size Maximum training resolution, auto bucketing 1024
--gradient_accumulation_steps Gradient accumulation steps (equivalent to larger batch) 1
--dataloader_num_workers DataLoader subprocesses 8
--num_train_epochs Number of training epochs 100
--checkpointing_steps Save checkpoint every N steps 50
--learning_rate Initial learning rate 2e-05
--lr_scheduler Learning rate scheduler constant_with_warmup
--lr_warmup_steps Learning rate warmup steps 100
--seed Random seed 42
--output_dir Output directory output_dir_qwenimage21
--gradient_checkpointing Enable activation checkpointing -
--mixed_precision Mixed precision: fp16/bf16 bf16
--adam_weight_decay AdamW weight decay 3e-2
--adam_epsilon AdamW epsilon value 1e-10
--vae_mini_batch Mini-batch size for VAE encoding 1
--max_grad_norm Gradient clipping threshold 0.05
--enable_bucket Enable bucket training: trains entire images grouped by resolution without center cropping -
--random_hw_adapt Auto-scale images to random size in range [512, image_sample_size] -
--resume_from_checkpoint Resume training from checkpoint path, use "latest" to auto-select latest None
--uniform_sampling Uniform timestep sampling -
--trainable_modules Trainable modules ("." means all modules) "."
--tokenizer_max_length Maximum prompt token length fed to the Qwen3-VL text encoder 1024
--validation_steps Execute validation every N steps 100
--validation_epochs Execute validation every N epochs 100
--validation_prompts Prompts used during validation "1girl, black_hair, ..."

3.4 Training Validation

You can configure validation parameters to periodically generate test images during training, allowing you to monitor training progress and model quality.

Validation Parameters:

accelerate launch --use_deepspeed --deepspeed_config_file config/zero_stage2_config.json --deepspeed_multinode_launcher standard scripts/qwenimage21/train.py \
  # ... (other training parameters)
  --validation_steps=100 \
  --validation_epochs=100 \
  --validation_prompts="1girl, black_hair, brown_eyes, earrings, freckles, grey_background, jewelry, lips, long_hair, looking_at_viewer, nose, piercing, realistic, red_lips, solo, upper_body"

Parameter Descriptions:

Parameter Description Recommended Value
--validation_steps Execute validation every N steps. If your dataset is large and you want to save validation time, you can set a larger value (e.g., 100 or 500) 100
--validation_epochs Execute validation every N epochs 100
--validation_prompts Prompt for validation image generation. Use multiple space-separated prompt strings Space-separated prompt strings

Notes:

  • Validation images will be saved to the output_dir directory
  • Setting --validation_steps=1 means validation is performed every step, which may slow down training. Adjust according to your needs
  • For multi-prompt validation, use: --validation_prompts "prompt1" "prompt2" "prompt3"

3.5 Training with FSDP

If VRAM is insufficient when using multiple GPUs with DeepSpeed-Zero-2, you can switch to FSDP. Note that the transformer layer class to wrap for Qwen-Image 2.1 is QwenImage21TransformerBlock.

export MODEL_NAME="models/Diffusion_Transformer/Qwen-Image-2.1"
export DATASET_NAME="datasets/X-Fun-Images-Demo/"
export DATASET_META_NAME="datasets/X-Fun-Images-Demo/metadata_add_width_height.json"
# NCCL_IB_DISABLE=1 and NCCL_P2P_DISABLE=1 are used in multi nodes without RDMA. 
# export NCCL_IB_DISABLE=1
# export NCCL_P2P_DISABLE=1
NCCL_DEBUG=INFO

accelerate launch --mixed_precision="bf16" --use_fsdp --fsdp_auto_wrap_policy TRANSFORMER_BASED_WRAP --fsdp_transformer_layer_cls_to_wrap=QwenImage21TransformerBlock --fsdp_sharding_strategy "FULL_SHARD" --fsdp_state_dict_type=SHARDED_STATE_DICT --fsdp_backward_prefetch "BACKWARD_PRE" --fsdp_cpu_ram_efficient_loading False scripts/qwenimage21/train.py \
  --pretrained_model_name_or_path=$MODEL_NAME \
  --train_data_dir=$DATASET_NAME \
  --train_data_meta=$DATASET_META_NAME \
  --train_batch_size=1 \
  --image_sample_size=1024 \
  --gradient_accumulation_steps=1 \
  --dataloader_num_workers=8 \
  --num_train_epochs=100 \
  --checkpointing_steps=50 \
  --learning_rate=2e-05 \
  --lr_scheduler="constant_with_warmup" \
  --lr_warmup_steps=100 \
  --seed=42 \
  --output_dir="output_dir_qwenimage21" \
  --gradient_checkpointing \
  --mixed_precision="bf16" \
  --adam_weight_decay=3e-2 \
  --adam_epsilon=1e-10 \
  --vae_mini_batch=1 \
  --max_grad_norm=0.05 \
  --enable_bucket \
  --uniform_sampling \
  --trainable_modules "."

3.6 Other Backends

3.6.1 Training with DeepSpeed-Zero-3

DeepSpeed Zero-3 is not highly recommended at the moment. In this repository, using FSDP has fewer errors and is more stable.

DeepSpeed Zero-3:

After training, you can use the following command to get the final model:

python scripts/zero_to_bf16.py output_dir/checkpoint-{our-num-steps} output_dir/checkpoint-{your-num-steps}-outputs --max_shard_size 80GB --safe_serialization

Training shell command:

export MODEL_NAME="models/Diffusion_Transformer/Qwen-Image-2.1"
export DATASET_NAME="datasets/X-Fun-Images-Demo/"
export DATASET_META_NAME="datasets/X-Fun-Images-Demo/metadata_add_width_height.json"
# NCCL_IB_DISABLE=1 and NCCL_P2P_DISABLE=1 are used in multi nodes without RDMA. 
# export NCCL_IB_DISABLE=1
# export NCCL_P2P_DISABLE=1
NCCL_DEBUG=INFO

accelerate launch --zero_stage 3 --zero3_save_16bit_model true --zero3_init_flag true --use_deepspeed --deepspeed_config_file config/zero_stage3_config.json --deepspeed_multinode_launcher standard scripts/qwenimage21/train.py \
  --pretrained_model_name_or_path=$MODEL_NAME \
  --train_data_dir=$DATASET_NAME \
  --train_data_meta=$DATASET_META_NAME \
  --train_batch_size=1 \
  --image_sample_size=1024 \
  --gradient_accumulation_steps=1 \
  --dataloader_num_workers=8 \
  --num_train_epochs=100 \
  --checkpointing_steps=50 \
  --learning_rate=2e-05 \
  --lr_scheduler="constant_with_warmup" \
  --lr_warmup_steps=100 \
  --seed=42 \
  --output_dir="output_dir_qwenimage21" \
  --gradient_checkpointing \
  --mixed_precision="bf16" \
  --adam_weight_decay=3e-2 \
  --adam_epsilon=1e-10 \
  --vae_mini_batch=1 \
  --max_grad_norm=0.05 \
  --enable_bucket \
  --uniform_sampling \
  --trainable_modules "."

3.6.2 Training Without DeepSpeed or FSDP

This approach is not recommended as it lacks VRAM-saving backends and may easily cause out-of-memory errors. This is provided for reference only.

export MODEL_NAME="models/Diffusion_Transformer/Qwen-Image-2.1"
export DATASET_NAME="datasets/X-Fun-Images-Demo/"
export DATASET_META_NAME="datasets/X-Fun-Images-Demo/metadata_add_width_height.json"
# NCCL_IB_DISABLE=1 and NCCL_P2P_DISABLE=1 are used in multi nodes without RDMA. 
# export NCCL_IB_DISABLE=1
# export NCCL_P2P_DISABLE=1
NCCL_DEBUG=INFO

accelerate launch --mixed_precision="bf16" scripts/qwenimage21/train.py \
  --pretrained_model_name_or_path=$MODEL_NAME \
  --train_data_dir=$DATASET_NAME \
  --train_data_meta=$DATASET_META_NAME \
  --train_batch_size=1 \
  --image_sample_size=1024 \
  --gradient_accumulation_steps=1 \
  --dataloader_num_workers=8 \
  --num_train_epochs=100 \
  --checkpointing_steps=50 \
  --learning_rate=2e-05 \
  --lr_scheduler="constant_with_warmup" \
  --lr_warmup_steps=100 \
  --seed=42 \
  --output_dir="output_dir_qwenimage21" \
  --gradient_checkpointing \
  --mixed_precision="bf16" \
  --adam_weight_decay=3e-2 \
  --adam_epsilon=1e-10 \
  --vae_mini_batch=1 \
  --max_grad_norm=0.05 \
  --enable_bucket \
  --uniform_sampling \
  --trainable_modules "."

3.7 Multi-Machine Distributed Training

Suitable for: Ultra-large-scale datasets, faster training speed

3.7.1 Environment Configuration

Assuming 2 machines with 8 GPUs each:

Machine 0 (Master):

export MODEL_NAME="models/Diffusion_Transformer/Qwen-Image-2.1"
export DATASET_NAME="datasets/X-Fun-Images-Demo/"
export DATASET_META_NAME="datasets/X-Fun-Images-Demo/metadata_add_width_height.json"
export MASTER_ADDR="192.168.1.100"  # Master machine IP
export MASTER_PORT=10086
export WORLD_SIZE=2                  # Total number of machines
export NUM_PROCESS=16                # Total processes = machines × 8
export RANK=0                        # Current machine rank (0 or 1)
# NCCL_IB_DISABLE=1 and NCCL_P2P_DISABLE=1 are used in multi nodes without RDMA. 
# export NCCL_IB_DISABLE=1
# export NCCL_P2P_DISABLE=1
NCCL_DEBUG=INFO

accelerate launch --mixed_precision="bf16" --main_process_ip=$MASTER_ADDR --main_process_port=$MASTER_PORT --num_machines=$WORLD_SIZE --num_processes=$NUM_PROCESS --machine_rank=$RANK --use_deepspeed --deepspeed_config_file config/zero_stage2_config.json --deepspeed_multinode_launcher standard scripts/qwenimage21/train.py \
  --pretrained_model_name_or_path=$MODEL_NAME \
  --train_data_dir=$DATASET_NAME \
  --train_data_meta=$DATASET_META_NAME \
  --train_batch_size=1 \
  --image_sample_size=1024 \
  --gradient_accumulation_steps=1 \
  --dataloader_num_workers=8 \
  --num_train_epochs=100 \
  --checkpointing_steps=50 \
  --learning_rate=2e-05 \
  --lr_scheduler="constant_with_warmup" \
  --lr_warmup_steps=100 \
  --seed=42 \
  --output_dir="output_dir_qwenimage21" \
  --gradient_checkpointing \
  --mixed_precision="bf16" \
  --adam_weight_decay=3e-2 \
  --adam_epsilon=1e-10 \
  --vae_mini_batch=1 \
  --max_grad_norm=0.05 \
  --enable_bucket \
  --uniform_sampling \
  --trainable_modules "."

Machine 1 (Worker):

export MODEL_NAME="models/Diffusion_Transformer/Qwen-Image-2.1"
export DATASET_NAME="datasets/X-Fun-Images-Demo/"
export DATASET_META_NAME="datasets/X-Fun-Images-Demo/metadata_add_width_height.json"
export MASTER_ADDR="192.168.1.100"  # Same as Master
export MASTER_PORT=10086
export WORLD_SIZE=2
export NUM_PROCESS=16
export RANK=1  # Note this is 1
# NCCL_IB_DISABLE=1 and NCCL_P2P_DISABLE=1 are used in multi nodes without RDMA. 
# export NCCL_IB_DISABLE=1
# export NCCL_P2P_DISABLE=1
NCCL_DEBUG=INFO

# Use the same accelerate launch command as Machine 0

3.7.2 Multi-Machine Training Notes

  • Network Requirements:

    • RDMA/InfiniBand recommended (high performance)
    • Without RDMA, add environment variables:
      export NCCL_IB_DISABLE=1
      export NCCL_P2P_DISABLE=1
      
  • Data Synchronization: All machines must be able to access the same data paths (NFS/shared storage)

4. Inference Testing

ℹ️ Multi-GPU (Ulysses only): Qwen-Image 2.1 supports Ulysses (head-parallel) sequence parallelism — set ulysses_degree > 1 to split a single image's denoising across GPUs (lower latency and less activation memory per GPU, mathematically identical to single-GPU). ring_degree must stay 1: ring attention rotates KV chunks and cannot express 2.1's block-causal mask or its prefix KV cache. ulysses_degree must divide num_attention_heads (32). See 4.3 Multi-GPU Parallel Inference. You can also use the VRAM management modes below (offload / FP8) when a single GPU is not enough.

4.1 Inference Parameter Parsing

Key Parameter Descriptions (see examples/qwenimage21/predict_t2i.py):

Parameter Description Example Value
GPU_memory_mode VRAM management mode, see table below for options model_full_load
ulysses_degree Ulysses (head) parallelism degree. Must divide num_attention_heads (32): 1/2/4/8/16/32; >1 splits one image across GPUs 1
ring_degree Sequence (ring) parallelism degree. Must stay 1 — ring cannot express the block-causal mask or prefix KV cache 1
compile_dit Compile Transformer for faster inference (effective at fixed resolution) False
model_name Model path models/Diffusion_Transformer/Qwen-Image-2.1
sampler_name Sampler type. Qwen-Image 2.1 is flow-matching, only Flow is supported Flow
transformer_path Path to load trained Transformer weights None
vae_path Path to load trained VAE weights None
lora_path LoRA weights path None
sample_size Generated image resolution [height, width], rounded down to a multiple of 32; None falls back to the pipeline default square [1024, 1024]
use_kv_cache Cache text/condition keys-values after the first denoising step to speed up inference True
weight_dtype Model weight precision, use torch.float16 for GPUs without bf16 support torch.bfloat16
prompts Positive prompts describing the generation content ["a young girl ..."]
negative_prompt Negative prompt for content to avoid " "
guidance_scale Guidance strength (passed to the pipeline as true_cfg_scale) 1.0
seed Random seed for reproducible results 43
num_inference_steps Number of inference steps 40
lora_weight LoRA weight strength 1
save_path Path to save generated images samples/qwenimage21-t2i

VRAM Management Mode Description:

Mode Description VRAM Usage
model_full_load Load entire model to GPU Highest
model_full_load_and_qfloat8 Full load + FP8 quantization High
model_cpu_offload Offload model to CPU after use Medium
model_cpu_offload_and_qfloat8 CPU offload + FP8 quantization Medium-Low
model_group_offload Layer groups switch between CPU/CUDA Low
sequential_cpu_offload Sequential layer offload (slowest) Lowest

4.2 Single GPU Inference

Quick Start

Run the following command for single GPU inference:

python examples/qwenimage21/predict_t2i.py

Edit examples/qwenimage21/predict_t2i.py according to your needs. For first-time inference, focus on these parameters. For other parameters, refer to the inference parameter parsing above.

# Choose based on GPU VRAM
GPU_memory_mode = "model_full_load"
# Based on actual model path
model_name = "models/Diffusion_Transformer/Qwen-Image-2.1"
# Path to trained weights, e.g., "output_dir_qwenimage21/checkpoint-xxx/diffusion_pytorch_model.safetensors"
transformer_path = None
# Write based on generation content
prompts = ["a young girl with flowing long hair, wearing a white halter dress"]
# ...

4.3 Multi-GPU Parallel Inference

Suitable for: high-resolution generation and faster single-image inference. Qwen-Image 2.1 splits the attention heads across GPUs (Ulysses sequence parallelism): after an all-to-all each GPU holds the full sequence for a subset of heads, so the block-causal multi-pass prefill and the prefix KV cache run unchanged and the output is mathematically identical to single-GPU inference.

Install Parallel Inference Dependencies

pip install xfuser==0.4.2 yunchang==0.6.2

Configure Parallel Strategy

Edit examples/qwenimage21/predict_t2i.py:

# ulysses_degree × ring_degree = number of GPUs; ring_degree MUST stay 1 for Qwen-Image 2.1
# For example, using 2 GPUs:
ulysses_degree = 2  # Head (Ulysses) parallelism
ring_degree = 1     # Must be 1

Configuration Principles:

  • ulysses_degree must evenly divide num_attention_heads (32), i.e. one of 1/2/4/8/16/32.
  • ring_degree must stay 1: ring attention rotates KV chunks and cannot express 2.1's block-causal mask or its prefix KV cache (the script asserts this).
  • The joint (text + image) sequence is padded internally to a multiple of ulysses_degree; padded keys are masked out, so results match single-GPU exactly.
  • Ulysses replicates the weights on every GPU (it splits activations, not parameters). If VRAM is tight, also set fsdp_dit = True to shard the Transformer.

Example Configurations:

GPU Count ulysses_degree ring_degree Description
1 1 1 Single GPU
2 2 1 Head parallelism
4 4 1 Head parallelism
8 8 1 Head parallelism

Run Multi-GPU Inference

torchrun --nproc-per-node=2 examples/qwenimage21/predict_t2i.py

Set --nproc-per-node equal to ulysses_degree.

5. Additional Resources