feat(library): Delete prompt… on a prompt's page (#481 ) (#507 )

* feat(library): set the category on many selected prompts (#437) The Prompt library shelf gets the concept's Images selection checkbox on each card and its .bulkbar (N selected, Set category, Clear), recorded as D148. Set category opens the shared one-value dialog and posts {prompt_ids, category, expected_epoch} to POST /prompt_manager/bulk/category: the server checks the storage epoch the shelf was read under, then sets the category on the Library parents in one BEGIN IMMEDIATE transaction, writing only rows that change. A restored storage answers 409 storage-changed and writes nothing. The legacy admin and images_filter bodies are unchanged. This replaces the legacy admin page's bulk Set Category, a cutover prerequisite (#334). Closes #437 * feat(library): add tags to many selected prompts and select every loaded prompt (#442) The Library selection bar (D148) gets Add tags and select-all of the loaded shelf, the legacy admin page's bulk Add Tags and select-all checkbox. Add tags posts {prompt_ids, tags, expected_epoch} to POST /prompt_manager/bulk/tags: in one BEGIN IMMEDIATE transaction the server checks the storage epoch, normalizes the names as image tags are, gives each Library parent only the names it lacks (casefold), finds or inserts tag rows by exact name only when some prompt gets them, and skips prompts that would pass 20 tags. Prompt tags only. Both bulk/tags forms refuse a non-object body with 400. Ctrl/Cmd+A in the grid and "Select all N loaded" in the bar select every loaded prompt; the offer follows each loaded batch. Closes #442 * feat(vocabulary): tag search, tag sort and an Untagged prompts entry (#444) Tags & categories gains a server-side tag search and sort (keyset pages, cursor scoped to the query) and an "Untagged prompts" row whose Browse opens the Library with tag_mode=untagged. Refine this view gets Tag match, saved Library views keep it, and the routes echo the applied query so a stale server is an error, never an unfiltered list. Recorded as D149. Refs #444 * feat(library): filter prompts by output folder and browse tags with Any (#444) Refine this view on the Prompt library gains the concept's Folder (folders below an output root, read when the dialog opens) and a Tag match select (All / Any). The listing takes folder and tag_mode, matches folders on the normalized file_path under every spelling of each output root, echoes both so a stale server is an error, and saved Library views keep them. Recorded as D150. Refs #444 * docs(library): record Add tags and select-all as D151 (#442) * feat(library): archive paired and delete unpaired selected prompts on the server (#443) A prompt_archive table marks Library parents hidden from the shelf; older builds ignore it. New routes /prompt_manager/library/delete/preview, /library/delete and /library/restore classify a selection (delete, archive, protected, already archived, not found), execute exactly what was reviewed under a records hold, take a verified safety backup (disk checked) before any delete, and restore archived prompts. The shelf, search and the shelf-facing counts honor the archive (?shelf=active|archived); archiving repairs a stale prompt hash so scans find the archived row. * feat(library): Delete… on the selection bar, Show archived prompts and Restore (#443) The Library bar's Delete… previews the selection and opens the shared review: what is deleted (in no saved pair), archived (paired: hidden, restorable) or kept (tagged __protected__), the safety backup and what cannot be undone. Show archived prompts (N) lists archived prompts with Restore on their bar; an archived prompt's page shows an Archived notice with Restore. TESTING.md records D152; the route snapshot gains the three workspace routes. * test(library): cover the Delete… review failure and close-only paths; record coverage floors (#443) * fix(library): let saved-view defaults fill the missing #444 filters libraryViewState passed `?? 'all'` and `?? ''` fallbacks that normalizeViewState already applies to an undefined value. The redundant branches were never taken in the page, which dropped saved-views.mjs below its 95% branch floor. A unit now covers a shelf without the new filters. Refs #444 * fix(library): lay out a loaded page of prompts without waiting for an animation frame (#443) A starved renderer (headless WebKit under CPU load, a background tab) can hold requestAnimationFrame for seconds. The shelf laid out each loaded page only in its next frame, so the grid stayed empty after the first load or a delete's reload while the caption already showed the new count. A loaded batch is now laid out at once; measurements still flush per frame. The regression test holds every animation frame and fails before the fix. * test(saved-views): give the D153 Library view the tag_mode key (#444) The Library saved-view state now holds tag_mode, and the API requires every key, so main's new "Highest rated" spec posts it too. Refs #444 * test(saved-views): give the D153 Library view the folder key (#444) Refs #444 * fix(library): name the saved pair, not negative variants, as the archive reason (#443) A prompt in a saved pair with no negative variants was described in the Delete… review as "1 prompt with negative variants: hidden, restorable". Paired prompts are archived because of the pair, so the Archive row now reads "N prompts in a saved pair: hidden, restorable" and the first sentence explains the pair. Found in the live test of #470. * fix(library): nest Refine folders by path segment; backslash separates only on Windows (#444) Live test B1: the Folder list indented a server list sorted as full-path text, so "-" and "_" sorted before "/" and children landed under the wrong parent (kiko/char under kiko-v6), with case variants interleaved. The options are now a tree built by segment: each folder directly under its own parent, case variants distinct siblings. On POSIX a folder named "Metadata\Klein..." was listed but filtered to no prompts, because normalize_folder read "\" as a separator. It now does so only on Windows (ntpath), as the listing already did. Refs #444 * fix(library): say why an archived prompt is archived, and name variants only when it has any (#443) The archived prompt page's notice always said "This prompt and its negative variants are hidden", also for a saved-pair prompt with none. It now says the prompt is archived because it is in a saved pair, and counts its negative variants only when there are any. From the live test of #470. * feat(library): delete a prompt in a saved pair permanently, with its own pairs (#482, server) The Delete review's preview now marks which archive ids may be deleted permanently (in a saved pair, and nobody else's negative), with a review digest of the prompt and its pairs and the counts the review shows. The write accepts an optional delete_paired_ids with their digests. Each is deleted with its own saved pairs (image-pair links, then pairs, then the prompt as #443 deletes it) only while its digest is unchanged. Any drift archives it and counts it changed. Paired deletes are backed up and disk-checked like deletes. * feat(library): ask Archive or Delete permanently for prompts in a saved pair (#482, review) The Delete… review asks, for prompts in a saved pair, Archive (checked on every open, D152's review) or Delete permanently, with their saved pairs, in a D90 radio row. The choice rewrites the grid, sentences, title and primary in place (openReviewDialog setRows/setPrimary), and the body carries the chosen ids with their review digests. On the archived shelf, Show archived prompts now reads the concept's way back, "← Prompt library", as a plain button. TESTING.md records D154. * docs(testing): number #482's deviation D160 (D154-D159 are taken) * Revert "docs(testing): number #482's deviation D160 (D154-D159 are taken)" This reverts commit 96c2a293a4. * docs(testing): number #482's deviation D160 (D154-D159 are taken) * feat(library): Delete prompt… on a prompt's page (#481) The recipe editor's actions read Create text revision, Archive variant… (the selected negative variant's archive, renamed from Archive… so the two danger buttons cannot be confused) and Delete prompt…, which closes the editor and runs the Library's Delete… review for that prompt: the same preview, saved-pair choice (Archive stays the default), backup and write. A delete opens the Prompt library; an archive reads the page again. Recorded as D161 in TESTING.md and in the editor concept comparison. * fix(library): hold Edit metadata while a prompt's page delete runs (#481) While the page's Delete… review or its write runs, Edit metadata is aria-disabled and its click ignored, so no editor save can race the delete. Adds tests for a failed review, a write answered after the page was left (no toast, no jump, the shelf reads again) and heading focus after an archive.
test(collections): wait for the restore job, not 5 s; no hard-coded saved-view id (#520 ) (#521 )
2026-10-30 03:28:19 +00:00 · 2026-10-30 02:53:32 +00:00 · 2026-10-30 02:35:52 +00:00 · 2026-10-30 01:43:33 +00:00 · 2026-10-30 01:28:44 +00:00 · 2026-10-30 00:55:09 +00:00
35 changed files with 2864 additions and 142 deletions
@@ -26,6 +26,9 @@ env:
 # Measured 2026-10-29 on main runs 40935337099 (dd247e3), 40938407252 (dd247e3), 40941240624 (dd247e3):
 #   slowest leg: 7m24s (py3.12 windows) / 7m31s (py3.13 windows) / 7m32s (py3.14 windows) -> 15 min
 #     (windows 4m56s-7m32s, macos 4m39s-6m14s)
+#   native-trash (#499) has no green main runs yet: its probe, run 40949370943 (2026-10-29), took
+#     about 1 minute per macOS leg, so ceil(1.5 x 2) + 3 gives it 6 minutes (step 4). Recalibrate
+#     after three green runs.
 jobs:
  test:
    name: py${{ matrix.python-version }} on ${{ matrix.os }}
@@ -76,3 +79,28 @@ jobs:
        env:
          PM_TEST_SLOWEST: "40"
        run: python -m tests.run_suite -v
+
+  # The real Trash on both macOS CPUs (#499 design §10.2). It runs apart from the suite, so a red
+  # suite never skips the native proof.
+  native-trash:
+    name: native trash on ${{ matrix.os }}
+    runs-on: ${{ matrix.os }}
+    timeout-minutes: 6
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
+      matrix:
+        os: [macos-latest, macos-15-intel]
+
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v7
+
+      - name: Set up Python
+        uses: actions/setup-python@v7
+        with:
+          python-version: "3.12"
+
+      - name: Native trash proof
+        timeout-minutes: 4
+        env:
+          PM_NATIVE_TRASH: macos
+        run: python -m unittest tests.test_trash_macos_native tests.test_trash_macos -v
@@ -53,6 +53,14 @@ stdin open and the server (`--exit-on-stdin-eof`) shuts down cleanly, removing i
 temp root, when that pipe closes, so a worker killed without teardown leaves no
 server behind. A test that fails gets the stderr its server wrote during the test
 attached to the report as `server-stderr` (an aiohttp traceback behind a 500).
+Each worker also records its browser's own log (#513, `tools/vendor/browser-logs.mjs`):
+Playwright's `pw:browser` channel, kept as a 300-line tail without printing it
+unless `DEBUG` asks for it. A browser that exits abnormally writes one
+`pm-browser-exit| browser pid=<n> exited: exitCode=<c>, signal=<s>` line to the job
+log, and a test that fails on a closed or crashed target ("Target page, context or
+browser has been closed") gets the tail attached as `browser-stderr.txt`, which the
+uploaded test-results carry. `tests/browser/browser-logs.spec.mjs` kills a browser of
+its own on purpose, so each browser job logs that line once for it.
 A `/__test__/.../reset` still running after 2 s writes a report to the job log,
 passing test or not: every thread's stack taken while it waits, the default
 executor's threads and queue, the open connections and WAL size, then the total
@@ -2487,14 +2495,30 @@ files to the system trash. **No code path unlinks or overwrites a media file.**
  freedesktop Trash specification (home trash on the same mount, else the mount's
  `.Trash/$uid` or `.Trash-$uid`), reserve the name with `O_EXCL` and move with
  `renameat2(RENAME_NOREPLACE)`; without it, across devices, on a read-only mount or with
-  a trash inside an output root the move is refused (`no-trash`, `trash-in-root`). Windows
+  a trash inside an output root the move is refused (`no-trash`, `trash-in-root`). macOS
+  (#499, `utils/trash_macos.py`) calls `-[NSFileManager trashItemAtURL:resultingItemURL:error:]`
+  through `ctypes` (ten fixed `objc_msgSend` prototypes, nil checks before every send, one
+  autorelease pool per call, loaded on first use). It answers in the review dialog, without
+  writing: `network` (not a local volume), `no-trash` (read-only, or no trash folder
+  macOS would use), `cloud-sync` (iCloud Drive, `~/Library/CloudStorage`, or ubiquitous),
+  `trash-in-root` (the trash folder is inside an output root, compared by `(st_dev,
+  st_ino)` of every ancestor) and `no-permission` (folder not writable, an immutable or
+  append flag, a foreign file in a sticky folder). A fresh volume's `.Trashes/<uid>` is
+  predicted (`URLForDirectory` answers 3328/`ENOENT` until macOS makes it). A refused move
+  keeps the file and logs the `NSError`; a move macOS reports done but whose place cannot be
+  shown (no result URL, or one inside an output root) goes under `errors` as
+  `trash-unconfirmed`, keeps its records and stops the job. Windows
  never uses the Recycle Bin (#500, maintainer ruling (a)): files larger than the bin's
  capacity are deleted permanently and IFileOperation's `PreDeleteItem` guard cannot detect
  it (native probe runs 40951037575, 40953347904), so every file answers `windows-recycle`
  ("Moving files to the Recycle Bin isn't available on Windows: files larger than the bin's
-  capacity would be deleted permanently."). macOS reports `no-trash` until #499 lands;
-  library-only removal works everywhere. Tests use `tests/fake_trash.py`; the browser test server installs it, so no
-  test touches a real trash.
+  capacity would be deleted permanently."). Library-only removal works everywhere. Tests use `tests/fake_trash.py`; the
+  browser test server installs it, so no test touches a real trash. The native proof,
+  `tests/test_trash_macos_native.py`, runs only with `PM_NATIVE_TRASH=macos` in
+  portability.yml's `native-trash` job (`macos-latest` and `macos-15-intel`): the startup
+  volume, a name clash, fresh APFS and FAT32 disk images, an image used as an output root,
+  a read-only image and an unwritable folder (design and probe:
+  `docs/egm/499-macos-trash/`, local).

 ### Prompt library cards and recorded deviations (#249 PR E)

@@ -2759,14 +2783,15 @@ rulings of 2026-10-28):
  504: "The server did not confirm the change. The Library was reloaded: check the shelf and
  Show archived prompts."; other refusals: "The selected prompts could not be changed. Try
  again.", the selection kept.
- **Show archived prompts (N)** (heading actions, before Export, `aria-pressed`; N the
+- **Show archived prompts (N)** (heading actions, before Export, a plain button; N the
  archived prompts matching the filters, `archived_total`; the shelf counterpart of #235's
  Show archived) lists only archived prompts (`GET /prompt_manager/library?shelf=archived`,
  a cursor never crosses shelves), each card with an "Archived" `.chip`, the caption "N
  archived prompts · M negative variants hidden with them", the bar "N selected", Restore,
-  Clear, and "No archived prompts." / "No archived prompts match." when empty. The pressed
-  state stays with the shelf visit, never in a saved view; Browse and a saved view open the
-  shelf. Restore posts `{prompt_ids, expected_epoch}` to `POST
+  Clear, and "No archived prompts." / "No archived prompts match." when empty. On the archived
+  shelf the button reads the concept's own way back, "← Prompt library" (app.js 594; #482), with
+  no `aria-pressed` (its label names where it goes). The shelf stays with the shelf visit, never
+  in a saved view; Browse and a saved view open the active shelf. Restore posts `{prompt_ids, expected_epoch}` to `POST
  /prompt_manager/library/restore` (every requested archived id, protected or not): "Restored
  N prompts to the Prompt library."
 - An archived prompt's page shows the concept's `.notice` ("Archived" / "This prompt is archived
@@ -2794,6 +2819,65 @@ failed backup, busy, unconfirmed, restore fence); `tests/browser/library-delete-
 `tests/test_prompt_archive_schema.py`, `tests/test_bulk_library_delete.py`,
 `tests/test_library_delete_routes.py`. A Python change: ComfyUI needs a restart.

+### Deleting a prompt in a saved pair permanently (#482)
+
+**D160** (beyond legacy, maintainer ruling 2026-10-29; follow-up to D152): when the Delete… selection
+holds prompts in a saved pair that no other positive uses as its negative ("deletable"), the review
+asks, in a D90 radio row "Prompts in a saved pair" after the grid: **Archive (hidden, restorable)**
+(checked on every open, never remembered, so the review is D152's) or **Delete permanently, with
+their saved pairs**. Choosing it rewrites the review in place (`openReviewDialog` `setRows`,
+`setPrimary`):
+- Delete permanently "D prompts: X not in a saved pair, Y in a saved pair" (or "Y prompts in a saved
+  pair"), Saved pairs removed "S saved pairs (V with a negative prompt, A archived)", Negatives kept
+  "K negative prompts are kept", Archive "R prompts used as another prompt's negative: hidden,
+  restorable", then D152's protected, already archived, no longer exist, Image links removed (images
+  of every deleted prompt) and Backup rows.
+- Sentences: the pairs go with their titles, categories, ratings, notes, tags, run counts and image
+  links; their negative prompts stay; recorded runs stay in History and Activity by their text; D152's
+  irreversibility (per backup policy) and re-creation sentences, plus "A pair node run with the same
+  text saves a new pair."; and, when R > 0, why those are archived.
+- Primary (`danger`): "Delete D prompts" / "Delete D and archive R prompts"; a short disk keeps it
+  unavailable (`aria-disabled`) with the disk sentence, while Archive still starts.
+
+The preview adds `deletable` (a subset of `archive`, which keeps every archive id for D152 clients),
+`review_digests` (sha256 of each deletable prompt's row and its pairs: negative, archived flag,
+metadata, usage, tags, image-pair links), `paired_counts` and `paired_image_links`, and plans the
+disk whenever anything could be deleted. The write takes optional `delete_paired_ids` with their
+`paired_digests` (both or neither; ids must be reviewed archive ids). In one transaction, after the
+archives, each chosen prompt whose digest is unchanged loses its image-pair links, then its own saved
+pairs (pair tags cascade; review decisions keep their rows with `pair_id` cleared), then itself exactly
+as D152 deletes. Any drift (pair added or edited, new link, pairs gone, now another prompt's negative)
+archives it and counts it `changed`. A paired delete is backed up and disk-checked as a delete. The
+toast adds "Removed S saved pairs."; "N changed since the review and was not deleted." replaces "…was
+kept.". Negatives are never deleted: one no remaining pair uses is listed in the Library afterwards (as
+after the legacy pair delete). Legacy still refuses paired prompts (409).
+
+Tests: `tests/test_bulk_library_delete.py` `TestPairedDelete` (classes and counts, the 7896 empty
+negative, the row diff against the legacy pair deletes then prompt delete, archive-only, a positive
+with its own negative, a self-pair, each drift, validation); `tests/test_library_delete_routes.py`
+`TestPairedDeleteRoutes` (preview, paired-only backup, a D152 body, validation, short disk); units
+`tests/js/workspace-library-delete.test.js`, `tests/js/workspace-toolbar.test.js` (`setRows`,
+`setPrimary`); browser `tests/browser/workspace-library-delete.spec.mjs` (the choice, its grid and
+copy, the server after, archive-only, reset to Archive) and `library-delete-concept.spec.mjs`. A Python
+change: ComfyUI needs a restart.
+
+### Delete on a prompt's own page (#481)
+
+**D161** (beyond the concept, coordinator ruling (A) 2026-10-29, open to the maintainer at the live test): the recipe
+editor (Edit metadata, the concept's app.js 976 row "Create text revision", "Archive…", Cancel, Save) reads "Create
+text revision", **"Archive variant…"** (the selected negative variant's archive, #235, which used the concept's
+"Archive…" label) and **"Delete prompt…"** (danger), then Cancel and Save. "Delete prompt…" closes the editor and runs
+D152/D160's Delete… review for that one prompt (`reviewPromptDelete`: the same preview, review with the saved-pair
+choice, backup and write, fenced by the page's `library_epoch`). Cancel changes nothing and returns focus to Edit
+metadata. A delete toasts and opens the Prompt library; an archive (or a drift) toasts and reads the page again, so an
+archived prompt shows its Archived notice. The button is disabled while the editor saves or after a restore.
+
+The concept comparison applies D161 in `mapConcept` (`tests/browser/library-editor-canonical-comparison.mjs`): the
+concept's danger "Archive…" maps to "Archive variant…" followed by a "Delete prompt…" with the same geometry and tokens.
+
+Tests: `tests/browser/workspace-library-delete.spec.mjs` (#481 cases), and `workspace-library-editor.spec.mjs` (the
+hand-off and the comparisons) and `library-editor-visual.spec.mjs` with the renamed button. JS only: no restart.
+
 ### No 1–5 prompt rating in the workspace (#447)

 **D153** (maintainer ruling 2026-10-28: the star is only for favorites; the concept keeps
@@ -13,6 +13,9 @@ and delete lists, and deletes only reviewed deletes the route backed up
 (``candidates``) whose fingerprint is unchanged since that backup.
 """

+import hashlib
+import json
+import re
 import sqlite3
 from typing import Iterable

@@ -39,8 +42,15 @@ _PAIRED = (
    "EXISTS(SELECT 1 FROM prompt_pairs pp "
    "WHERE pp.positive_prompt_id=p.id OR pp.negative_prompt_id=p.id)"
 )
+# #482: used as the negative of another positive's pair (archived or not):
+# never deleted, so that positive's variant stays (archive only).
+_NEGATIVE_OF_OTHER = (
+    "EXISTS(SELECT 1 FROM prompt_pairs op "
+    "WHERE op.negative_prompt_id=p.id AND op.positive_prompt_id!=p.id)"
+)
 # Classes in the order a prompt is tested; the first that holds wins.
 CLASSES = ("not_found", "protected", "already_archived", "archive", "delete")
+_DIGEST = re.compile(r"^[0-9a-f]{64}$")


 def _batches(ids: list) -> Iterable[list]:
@@ -78,24 +88,31 @@ class LibraryArchiveOperations:
    def _classify_library_delete(
        self, conn: sqlite3.Connection, prompt_ids: list[int]
    ) -> dict:
-        found = {}
+        found, deletable = {}, set()
        for chunk in _batches(prompt_ids):
            marks = ",".join("?" for _ in chunk)
            for row in conn.execute(
-                f"SELECT p.id,{_PROTECTED},{_ARCHIVED},{_PAIRED} "  # nosec B608
+                f"SELECT p.id,{_PROTECTED},{_ARCHIVED},{_PAIRED},"  # nosec B608
+                f"{_NEGATIVE_OF_OTHER} "
                f"FROM prompts p WHERE p.id IN ({marks}) AND {_ELIGIBLE}",
                chunk,
            ):
-                protected, archived, paired = row[1], row[2], row[3]
+                protected, archived, paired, negative_of_other = row[1:5]
                if protected:
                    found[row[0]] = "protected"
                elif archived:
                    found[row[0]] = "already_archived"
+                elif paired:
+                    found[row[0]] = "archive"
+                    if not negative_of_other:
+                        deletable.add(row[0])
                else:
-                    found[row[0]] = "archive" if paired else "delete"
+                    found[row[0]] = "delete"
        classes = {name: [] for name in CLASSES}
        for pid in prompt_ids:
            classes[found.get(pid, "not_found")].append(pid)
+        # #482: the archive ids Delete permanently may delete with their pairs.
+        classes["deletable"] = [pid for pid in classes["archive"] if pid in deletable]
        return classes

    @staticmethod
@@ -137,6 +154,82 @@ class LibraryArchiveOperations:
                ]
        return prints

+    @staticmethod
+    def _distinct_images(conn: sqlite3.Connection, prompt_ids: list[int]) -> int:
+        """Image rows of ``prompt_ids`` (each image once; #482 deletes them)."""
+        return LibraryArchiveOperations._image_links(conn, prompt_ids)
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _pair_prints(conn: sqlite3.Connection, prompt_ids: list[int]) -> dict:
+        """#482: each prompt's own saved pairs, as the review saw them.
+
+        Per pair (by id): its negative, archived flag, metadata, usage, ordered
+        tag ids and its image-pair links (count and newest id).
+        """
+        prints = {pid: [] for pid in prompt_ids}
+        for chunk in _batches(prompt_ids):
+            marks = ",".join("?" for _ in chunk)
+            for row in conn.execute(
+                "SELECT pp.positive_prompt_id,pp.id,pp.negative_prompt_id,"  # nosec
+                "pp.archived,pp.title,pp.category,pp.rating,pp.notes,pp.run_count,"
+                "pp.last_used_at,pp.updated_at,"
+                "(SELECT group_concat(tag_id) FROM (SELECT tag_id FROM "
+                "prompt_pair_tags WHERE pair_id=pp.id ORDER BY tag_id)),"
+                "(SELECT COUNT(*) FROM image_prompt_pairs WHERE pair_id=pp.id),"
+                "(SELECT MAX(id) FROM image_prompt_pairs WHERE pair_id=pp.id) "
+                f"FROM prompt_pairs pp WHERE pp.positive_prompt_id IN ({marks}) "
+                "ORDER BY pp.id",
+                chunk,
+            ):
+                prints[row[0]].append(
+                    [
+                        v if isinstance(v, (int, str, type(None))) else repr(v)
+                        for v in tuple(row)[1:]
+                    ]
+                )
+        return prints
+
+    @classmethod
+    def _review_digests(cls, conn: sqlite3.Connection, prompt_ids: list[int]) -> dict:
+        """#482: one digest per deletable prompt of its row and its pairs."""
+        prompts = cls._fingerprints(conn, prompt_ids)
+        pairs = cls._pair_prints(conn, prompt_ids)
+        return {
+            pid: hashlib.sha256(
+                json.dumps(
+                    [prompts.get(pid), pairs[pid]], separators=(",", ":")
+                ).encode("utf-8")
+            ).hexdigest()
+            for pid in prompt_ids
+        }
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _paired_counts(
+        conn: sqlite3.Connection, prompt_ids: list[int], selected: list[int]
+    ) -> dict:
+        """#482: what Delete permanently would remove with ``prompt_ids``."""
+        pairs = archived = variants = 0
+        negatives = set()
+        for chunk in _batches(prompt_ids):
+            marks = ",".join("?" for _ in chunk)
+            for archived_flag, negative, positive in conn.execute(
+                "SELECT archived,negative_prompt_id,positive_prompt_id "  # nosec
+                f"FROM prompt_pairs WHERE positive_prompt_id IN ({marks})",
+                chunk,
+            ):
+                pairs += 1
+                archived += 1 if archived_flag else 0
+                if negative is not None:
+                    variants += 1
+                    if negative != positive:
+                        negatives.add(negative)
+        return {
+            "pairs": pairs,
+            "archived_pairs": archived,
+            "variants": variants,
+            "kept_negatives": len(negatives - set(selected)),
+        }
+
    @staticmethod
    def _checked_ids(prompt_ids: list[int], expected_epoch: str) -> list[int]:
        _validate_epoch(expected_epoch)
@@ -156,11 +249,16 @@ class LibraryArchiveOperations:
        with self.library_snapshot() as (conn, _epoch, _ceiling):
            epoch = self._library_epoch(conn, expected_epoch)
            classes = self._classify_library_delete(conn, prompt_ids)
+            deletable = classes["deletable"]
            return {
                "library_epoch": epoch,
                **classes,
                "image_links": self._image_links(conn, classes["delete"]),
                "fingerprints": self._fingerprints(conn, classes["delete"]),
+                # #482: Delete permanently, with the deletable prompts' pairs.
+                "review_digests": self._review_digests(conn, deletable),
+                "paired_counts": self._paired_counts(conn, deletable, prompt_ids),
+                "paired_image_links": self._distinct_images(conn, deletable),
            }

    @staticmethod
@@ -191,6 +289,7 @@ class LibraryArchiveOperations:
        *,
        expected_epoch: str,
        candidates: dict | None,
+        delete_paired: dict | None = None,
    ) -> dict:
        """Archive and delete what the user reviewed, all or nothing.

@@ -201,6 +300,11 @@ class LibraryArchiveOperations:
        still classifies ``delete`` and its fingerprint is unchanged; one that
        is now paired, and a reviewed archive now unpaired, are archived (the
        restorable direction); anything else is kept and counted.
+
+        ``delete_paired`` (#482) maps reviewed archive ids the user chose to
+        Delete permanently to their review digest. Each is deleted with its
+        own saved pairs only while it is still deletable and its digest is
+        unchanged; otherwise it is archived and counted ``changed``.
        """
        _validate_epoch(expected_epoch)
        for ids in (archive_ids, delete_ids):
@@ -209,6 +313,16 @@ class LibraryArchiveOperations:
            ):
                raise ValueError("prompt ids must be lists of positive integers")
        reviewed_delete = set(delete_ids)
+        delete_paired = {} if delete_paired is None else delete_paired
+        if not isinstance(delete_paired, dict) or any(
+            type(pid) is not int
+            or not isinstance(digest, str)
+            or not _DIGEST.match(digest)
+            for pid, digest in delete_paired.items()
+        ):
+            raise ValueError("delete_paired must map prompt ids to review digests")
+        if not set(delete_paired) <= set(archive_ids):
+            raise ValueError("A permanent delete must be a reviewed archive id")
        if not archive_ids and not delete_ids:
            raise ValueError("Nothing to delete or archive")
        if reviewed_delete & set(archive_ids):
@@ -218,16 +332,31 @@ class LibraryArchiveOperations:
            epoch = self._library_epoch(conn, expected_epoch)
            classes = self._classify_library_delete(conn, prompt_ids)
            now_prints = self._fingerprints(conn, classes["delete"])
-            deletes, archives, changed = [], list(classes["archive"]), 0
+            deletes, archives, changed = [], [], 0
+            paired_now = set(classes["deletable"])
+            chosen = [pid for pid in classes["archive"] if pid in delete_paired]
+            digests = self._review_digests(
+                conn, [pid for pid in chosen if pid in paired_now]
+            )
+            paired_deletes = []
+            for pid in classes["archive"]:
+                if pid not in delete_paired:
+                    archives.append(pid)
+                elif digests.get(pid) == delete_paired[pid]:
+                    paired_deletes.append(pid)
+                else:
+                    archives.append(pid)  # changed since the review: restorable
+                    changed += 1
            for pid in classes["delete"]:
                if pid not in reviewed_delete:
                    archives.append(pid)  # reviewed as archive, now unpaired
+                    changed += 1 if pid in delete_paired else 0
                elif candidates is None or candidates.get(pid) == now_prints[pid]:
                    deletes.append(pid)
                else:
                    changed += 1
            changed += len(classes["protected"])
-            image_links = self._image_links(conn, deletes)
+            image_links = self._image_links(conn, [*deletes, *paired_deletes])
            now = utc_now_iso()
            for pid in archives:
                self._repair_hash(conn, pid)
@@ -240,7 +369,25 @@ class LibraryArchiveOperations:
                "UPDATE prompts SET updated_at=? WHERE id=?",
                [(now, pid) for pid in archives],
            )
-            deleted = delete_prompt_rows(conn, deletes)
+            # #482: the image-pair links (RESTRICT) go first, then the pairs
+            # (pair tags CASCADE, review decisions SET NULL), then the prompts.
+            pairs_removed = 0
+            for chunk in _batches(paired_deletes):
+                marks = ",".join("?" for _ in chunk)
+                pairs_of = (
+                    "SELECT id FROM prompt_pairs "  # nosec B608
+                    f"WHERE positive_prompt_id IN ({marks})"
+                )
+                conn.execute(
+                    f"DELETE FROM image_prompt_pairs WHERE pair_id IN ({pairs_of})",
+                    chunk,
+                )
+                pairs_removed += conn.execute(
+                    "DELETE FROM prompt_pairs "  # nosec B608
+                    f"WHERE positive_prompt_id IN ({marks})",
+                    chunk,
+                ).rowcount
+            deleted = delete_prompt_rows(conn, [*deletes, *paired_deletes])
            return {
                "library_epoch": epoch,
                "deleted": deleted,
@@ -249,6 +396,7 @@ class LibraryArchiveOperations:
                "not_found": len(classes["not_found"]),
                "changed": changed,
                "image_links": image_links,
+                "pairs_removed": pairs_removed,
            }

    def restore_library_prompts(
@@ -65,6 +65,9 @@ TITLES = {
    "trash": "Delete images (move to the trash)",
 }
 MAX_DETAIL_ROWS = 50
+# The system moved the file but its place in a trash could not be shown (#499).
+TRASH_UNCONFIRMED = "trash-unconfirmed"
+RECORDS_FAILED_CODE = "records-failed"

 # Reason codes (design §4.4) and the sentence each shows.
 REASONS = {
@@ -83,6 +86,17 @@ REASONS = {
    trash.TRASH_IN_ROOT: "This drive's trash is inside an output folder.",
    trash.LOCKED: "The file is open in another program. Close it and try again.",
    trash.FAILED: "The file could not be moved to the trash.",
+    trash.NO_PERMISSION: (
+        "PromptManager isn't allowed to move this file (no permission, or it is "
+        "locked in Finder)."
+    ),
+    trash.CLOUD_SYNC: (
+        "Files in iCloud Drive or a cloud-synced folder can't be moved to the "
+        "trash here."
+    ),
+    TRASH_UNCONFIRMED: (
+        "Moved by macOS, but its place in the trash could not be confirmed."
+    ),
    trash.WINDOWS_RECYCLE: (
        "Moving files to the Recycle Bin isn't available on Windows: files larger "
        "than the bin's capacity would be deleted permanently."
@@ -327,7 +341,7 @@ class ImageDeleteMixin:
        job.update(total=len(targets), status_line=TITLES[mode])
        roots = [str(root) for root in self._get_all_output_dirs()]
        done_group = "trashed" if mode == "trash" else "removed"
-        changed, failed = 0, False
+        changed, failed = 0, None
        for done, target in enumerate(targets, start=1):
            if failed:
                self._record_delete(job, "not_changed", target, "not-attempted")
@@ -336,7 +350,8 @@ class ImageDeleteMixin:
                self._delete_one_image, db, target, mode, roots
            )
            if group == "errors":
-                failed = True
+                failed = code or RECORDS_FAILED_CODE
+                text = REASONS[code] if code else RECORDS_FAILED
                job.record(
                    "errors",
                    {
@@ -344,9 +359,9 @@ class ImageDeleteMixin:
                        "root": target["root_label"],
                        "root_index": target["root_index"],
                        "root_scope": target["root_scope"],
-                        "detail": RECORDS_FAILED,
+                        "detail": text,
                    },
-                    f"! {target['root_label']}/{target['rel']} · {RECORDS_FAILED}",
+                    f"! {target['root_label']}/{target['rel']} · {text}",
                )
            elif group == done_group:
                changed += 1
@@ -365,8 +380,10 @@ class ImageDeleteMixin:
        job.log_line(line)
        job.update(progress=100, status_line=f"{line} · {backup_note(backup)}")
        if failed:
-            job.scope["failure"] = "records-failed"
-            job.publish({"type": "error", "code": "records-failed", "message": line})
+            # "records-failed" names every stop at an errors row (the page's
+            # "Stopped after N of M" toast); the row says which error it was.
+            job.scope["failure"] = RECORDS_FAILED_CODE
+            job.publish({"type": "error", "code": failed, "message": line})
            job.finish("failed")

    @staticmethod
@@ -405,7 +422,19 @@ class ImageDeleteMixin:
                label = trash.move_to_trash(target["abs"], roots)
            except trash.TrashRefused as refused:
                code = refused.code if refused.code in REASONS else trash.FAILED
+                self.logger.info(
+                    "Not moved to the trash (%s): %s %s",
+                    code,
+                    target["rel"],
+                    refused.detail,
+                )
                return "not_changed", code, None
+            except trash.TrashUnconfirmed as unconfirmed:
+                # The file left its folder: keep its records, stop the job.
+                self.logger.warning(
+                    "Trash move not confirmed: %s %s", target["rel"], unconfirmed.detail
+                )
+                return "errors", TRASH_UNCONFIRMED, None
            mark = None
        else:
            mark = (target["size"], target["mtime_ns"])
@@ -47,6 +47,8 @@ RESTORE_URL = "/prompt_manager/library/restore"
 DELETE_TITLE = "Delete prompts (Library)"
 _SELECTION_KEYS = frozenset({"prompt_ids", "expected_epoch"})
 _DELETE_KEYS = frozenset({"archive_ids", "delete_ids", "expected_epoch", "backup"})
+# #482: Delete permanently, with its digests; both or neither (a #443 body).
+_PAIRED_KEYS = frozenset({"delete_paired_ids", "paired_digests"})
 STORAGE_CHANGED = "Prompt storage was restored; refresh the library"


@@ -64,19 +66,39 @@ def _storage_changed(exc):
    return _failure(409, exc.code, STORAGE_CHANGED, library_epoch=exc.epoch)


-async def _body(request, keys):
-    """The JSON object with exactly ``keys``, or raise ValueError."""
+async def _body(request, keys, optional=frozenset()):
+    """The JSON object with exactly ``keys`` (plus all or none of ``optional``)."""
    try:
        data = await request.json()
    except ValueError:
        raise ValueError("Expected a JSON object") from None
    if not isinstance(data, dict):
        raise ValueError("Expected a JSON object")
-    if set(data) != keys:
+    extra = set(data) - keys
+    if not keys <= set(data) or (extra and extra != optional):
        raise ValueError("Request must contain exactly " + ", ".join(sorted(keys)))
    return data


+def _paired_delete(data, archive_ids):
+    """#482: the reviewed archive ids to delete with their pairs -> digest."""
+    if "delete_paired_ids" not in data:
+        return {}
+    ids = _reviewed_ids(data["delete_paired_ids"], "delete_paired_ids")
+    digests = data["paired_digests"]
+    if not isinstance(digests, dict):
+        raise ValueError("paired_digests must map prompt ids to digests")
+    if not set(ids) <= set(archive_ids):
+        raise ValueError("delete_paired_ids must be reviewed archive ids")
+    chosen = {}
+    for pid in ids:
+        digest = digests.get(str(pid))
+        if not isinstance(digest, str) or len(digest) != 64:
+            raise ValueError("Every delete_paired_ids entry needs its review digest")
+        chosen[pid] = digest
+    return chosen
+
+
 def _reviewed_ids(value, name):
    """A reviewed id list: possibly empty, else as ``parse_bulk_prompt_ids``."""
    if value == []:
@@ -111,7 +133,7 @@ class LibraryDeleteRoutesMixin:
                    expected_epoch=data["expected_epoch"],
                )
                disk = None
-                if review["delete"] and policy == "on":
+                if (review["delete"] or review["deletable"]) and policy == "on":
                    public, short, _size = await self._run_in_executor(
                        _maintenance.disk_plan,
                        db.model.db_path,
@@ -145,6 +167,13 @@ class LibraryDeleteRoutesMixin:
                "already_archived": len(review["already_archived"]),
                "not_found": len(review["not_found"]),
                "image_links": review["image_links"],
+                # #482: the archive ids Delete permanently may delete with pairs.
+                "deletable": review["deletable"],
+                "review_digests": {
+                    str(pid): digest for pid, digest in review["review_digests"].items()
+                },
+                "paired_counts": review["paired_counts"],
+                "paired_image_links": review["paired_image_links"],
                "backup": policy,
                "disk": disk,
            }
@@ -152,7 +181,7 @@ class LibraryDeleteRoutesMixin:

    async def delete_library_prompts(self, request):
        try:
-            data = await _body(request, _DELETE_KEYS)
+            data = await _body(request, _DELETE_KEYS, _PAIRED_KEYS)
            archive_ids = _reviewed_ids(data["archive_ids"], "archive_ids")
            delete_ids = _reviewed_ids(data["delete_ids"], "delete_ids")
            if not archive_ids and not delete_ids:
@@ -163,6 +192,7 @@ class LibraryDeleteRoutesMixin:
                raise ValueError("A prompt cannot be both archived and deleted")
            if data["backup"] not in ("on", "off"):
                raise ValueError("backup must be on or off")
+            paired = _paired_delete(data, archive_ids)
        except ValueError as exc:
            return _invalid(str(exc))
        busy = self._jobs.blocker(PROMPT_DELETE_JOB_KIND, admission="records")
@@ -173,7 +203,7 @@ class LibraryDeleteRoutesMixin:
                PROMPT_DELETE_JOB_KIND, DELETE_TITLE, admission="records"
            ) as job:
                response = await self._held_library_delete(
-                    self.db, data, archive_ids, delete_ids
+                    self.db, data, archive_ids, delete_ids, paired
                )
                if response.status >= 400:
                    job.finish("failed")
@@ -181,18 +211,21 @@ class LibraryDeleteRoutesMixin:
        except JobBusy as busy:
            return busy_response(busy)

-    async def _held_library_delete(self, db, data, archive_ids, delete_ids):
+    async def _held_library_delete(self, db, data, archive_ids, delete_ids, paired):
        epoch = data["expected_epoch"]
        promised = data["backup"] == "on" or self._safety_backup_policy() == "on"
        backup = None
        try:
            candidates = None
-            if delete_ids:
+            if delete_ids or paired:
                review = await self._run_in_executor(
-                    db.classify_library_delete, delete_ids, expected_epoch=epoch
+                    db.classify_library_delete,
+                    [*delete_ids, *paired],
+                    expected_epoch=epoch,
                )
                candidates = review["fingerprints"]
-                if candidates and promised:
+                # #482: a permanent delete of a prompt in a saved pair is backed up too.
+                if (candidates or review["deletable"]) and promised:
                    _disk, short, _size = await self._run_in_executor(
                        _maintenance.disk_plan,
                        db.model.db_path,
@@ -214,6 +247,7 @@ class LibraryDeleteRoutesMixin:
                delete_ids,
                expected_epoch=epoch,
                candidates=candidates if candidates is not None else {},
+                delete_paired=paired,
            )
        except LibraryCommandError as exc:
            return _storage_changed(exc)
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+// #513: a worker records its browser's own log, so a browser that dies between two tests leaves its exit and stderr
+// behind instead of only "Target page, context or browser has been closed" on the next test.
+import { test, expect } from './fixtures.mjs';
+import { isTargetGone } from '../../tools/vendor/browser-logs.mjs';
+
+test('the worker records the launch of the browser its tests use', async ({ browser, browserLogs }) => {
+    expect(browser.isConnected()).toBe(true);
+    expect(browserLogs.launches().length).toBeGreaterThan(0);
+});
+
+test('a killed browser leaves its signal and stderr in the worker log', async ({ playwright, browserName, browserLogs }) => {
+    const before = browserLogs.launches();
+    const victim = await playwright[browserName].launch();
+    const pid = browserLogs.launches().find(item => !before.includes(item));
+    expect(pid, 'the new browser\'s launch was recorded').toBeGreaterThan(0);
+    const disconnected = new Promise(resolve => victim.once('disconnected', resolve));
+    // Playwright starts a browser in a process group of its own; WebKit's launched pid is a wrapper script.
+    process.kill(-pid, 'SIGKILL');
+    await disconnected;
+    const error = await victim.newContext().then(() => null, item => item);
+    expect(error, 'a dead browser refuses a new context').not.toBeNull();
+    expect(isTargetGone(error.message)).toBe(true);
+    // The pipe can close before the launcher has logged the exit.
+    await expect.poll(() => browserLogs.exits()).toContainEqual({ pid, exitCode: null, signal: 'SIGKILL' });
+    expect(browserLogs.tail()).toContain(`[pid=${pid}] <process did exit: exitCode=null, signal=SIGKILL>`);
+});
@@ -4,13 +4,29 @@
 // points at that worker's server. A server that dies fails the running test
 // with its stderr tail, and the next test in the worker gets a fresh server.
 // A test that fails gets the stderr its server wrote during it attached as
-// `server-stderr`.
+// `server-stderr`. The worker also records its browser's own log (#513): a
+// browser that exits abnormally prints one `pm-browser-exit|` line, and a test
+// that fails on a closed or crashed target gets that log attached as
+// `browser-stderr`.
 import { test as base, expect } from '../../tools/vendor/node_modules/@playwright/test/index.mjs';
 import { attachServerStderr, createServerSupervisor, startBrowserServer } from '../../tools/vendor/start-browser-server.mjs';
+import { attachBrowserLogs, createBrowserLogRecorder } from '../../tools/vendor/browser-logs.mjs';

 const SERVER_FIXTURE_TIMEOUT_MS = 90_000;

 export const test = base.extend({
+    browserLogs: [async ({}, use) => {
+        const recorder = createBrowserLogRecorder();
+        try {
+            await use(recorder);
+        } finally {
+            recorder.uninstall();
+        }
+    }, { scope: 'worker', auto: true }],
+    browserLogsOnFailure: [async ({ browserLogs }, use, testInfo) => {
+        await use();
+        await attachBrowserLogs(testInfo, browserLogs);
+    }, { auto: true }],
    testServer: [async ({}, use) => {
        const supervisor = createServerSupervisor({ start: () => startBrowserServer() });
        try {
@@ -88,7 +88,8 @@ function mapDeleteConcept({ danger, review }) {
    return {
        ...review,
        title: 'Delete or archive selected prompts',
-        tree: ['dl.meta-grid', 'p.small', 'p.small', 'div.dialog-actions'],
+        // #482: the paired prompt is deletable, so the review asks Archive or Delete permanently (a D90 radio row).
+        tree: ['dl.meta-grid', 'div.field', 'p.small', 'p.small', 'div.dialog-actions'],
        grid: { ...review.grid, rows: [['Delete permanently', '1 prompt not in a saved pair'],
            ['Archive', '1 prompt in a saved pair: hidden, restorable'],
            ['Image links removed', '0 images will no longer show these prompts (files stay on disk)'],
@@ -26,9 +26,15 @@ export function inventoryOf(dialog) {
    };
 }
 // Documented differences only: prototype Save label, prototype demo note, data-dependent values, and D153 (#447): the
-// concept's "Rating" select is not drawn.
+// concept's "Rating" select is not drawn. D161 (#481): the concept's one danger "Archive…" becomes "Archive variant…" and
+// is followed by the prompt's own "Delete prompt…", drawn as the same danger button.
+function mapButton(item) {
+    if(item.text==='Save in prototype') return [{...item,text:'Save'}];
+    if(item.text==='Archive…') return [{...item,text:'Archive variant…'},{...item,text:'Delete prompt…'}];
+    return [item];
+}
 export function mapConcept(reference) {
-    return {...reference,demo:false,fields:reference.fields.filter(item=>item.label!=='Rating'),actions:{...reference.actions,buttons:reference.actions.buttons.map(item=>item.text==='Save in prototype'?{...item,text:'Save'}:item)}};
+    return {...reference,demo:false,fields:reference.fields.filter(item=>item.label!=='Rating'),actions:{...reference.actions,buttons:reference.actions.buttons.flatMap(mapButton)}};
 }

 // Flatten an inventory to path->value so a comparison reports exactly which leaves differ.
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ for(const [width,height,theme] of [[1600,1100,'dark'],[390,844,'light']])test(`e
    await variants(page).getByRole('button',{name:'Select negative variant 2',exact:true}).click();
    await page.getByRole('button',{name:'Edit metadata',exact:true}).click();await expect(editor(page)).toBeVisible();
    await expect(editor(page).getByRole('button',{name:'Save',exact:true})).toBeEnabled();
-    await editor(page).getByRole('button',{name:'Archive…',exact:true}).click();
+    await editor(page).getByRole('button',{name:'Archive variant…',exact:true}).click();
    await expect(editor(page).getByRole('button',{name:'Archive',exact:true})).toBeEnabled();await shot('editor-archive');

    let release;const held=new Promise(resolve=>{release=resolve;});
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ import { test, expect } from './fixtures.mjs';
 // page `#/collection/<id>` with its Edit (D137, concept render a1186–1189) and saved views on a collection (D140).
 const workspace = '/prompt_manager/workspace';
 const API = '/prompt_manager/collections';
+const RESTORE_APPLY_URL = '/prompt_manager/restore/apply';
 const main = page => page.locator('#workspace-main');
 const heading = page => main(page).getByRole('heading', { level: 1 });
 const breadcrumb = page => page.locator('#workspace-breadcrumb');
@@ -305,7 +306,12 @@ test('a finished restore reads the collections again', async ({ page, request })
        const chooser = page.waitForEvent('filechooser');
        await page.getByRole('button', { name: 'Review restore…', exact: true }).click();
        await (await chooser).setFiles({ name: 'prompts_backup_20261027_093000.db', mimeType: 'application/octet-stream', buffer: bytes });
+        // Wait for the restore job itself, as workspace-system-backups.spec.mjs does: under load a restore outlasts the
+        // 5 s expect default, and a restore still running after this test replaces the next tests' database (#520).
+        const applied = page.waitForResponse(response => response.url().endsWith(RESTORE_APPLY_URL));
        await page.locator('dialog#modal[open]').getByRole('button', { name: 'Restore', exact: true }).click();
+        const { job } = await (await applied).json();
+        await expect(await request.get(`/prompt_manager/jobs/${job.id}/events`)).toBeOK();
        await expect(toast(page)).toHaveText(/^Database restore finished · /);
        // The list was read again without a reload.
        await expect(rows(page)).toHaveCount(2);
@@ -480,7 +486,7 @@ test('a rename that settles after its dialog closed leaves the next dialog open
 });

 test('a page that says a collection or view could not be opened takes focus after a route change (review L3)', async ({ page, request }) => {
-    await seed(request);
+    const manifest = await seed(request);
    await page.goto(`${workspace}#/images`);
    await expect(heading(page)).toHaveText('Images');
    await page.evaluate(() => { window.location.hash = '#/collection/999999'; });
@@ -499,7 +505,8 @@ test('a page that says a collection or view could not be opened takes focus afte
    await page.route('**/prompt_manager/saved-views', route => route.request().method() === 'GET'
        ? route.fulfill({ status: 500, contentType: 'application/json', body: '{"success":false,"error":"x"}' })
        : route.fallback());
-    await page.evaluate(() => { window.location.hash = '#/saved/5'; });
+    // An id the seed never made (its one view is manifest.saved_view), whatever ids earlier tests used (#520).
+    await page.evaluate(id => { window.location.hash = `#/saved/${id}`; }, manifest.saved_view.id + 1000);
    await expect(description(page)).toHaveText('Saved views could not be loaded. Your saved data has not changed.');
    await expect(heading(page)).toBeFocused();
 });
@@ -13,6 +13,8 @@ const bar=page=>page.locator('#library-bulkbar > .bulkbar');
 const toast=page=>page.locator('.toast');
 const review=page=>page.getByRole('dialog');
 const showArchived=page=>page.locator('#workspace-main .heading-actions').getByRole('button',{name:/^Show archived prompts/});
+// #482: on the archived shelf the same button reads the concept's way back (app.js 594 "← Prompt library").
+const backToLibrary=page=>page.locator('#workspace-main .heading-actions').getByRole('button',{name:'← Prompt library',exact:true});

 async function items(request,shelf='active') {
    const query=shelf==='archived'?'&shelf=archived':'';
@@ -83,9 +85,11 @@ test('Show archived prompts lists archived prompts, and Restore on its bar retur
    await review(page).getByRole('button',{name:'Archive 2 prompts',exact:true}).click();
    await expect(toast(page)).toHaveText('Archived 2 prompts.');
    await expect(cards(page)).toHaveCount(before.length-2);
-    await expect(showArchived(page)).toHaveAttribute('aria-pressed','false');
+    // #482: a plain button that names where it goes (no pressed state that its changing label would contradict).
+    await expect(showArchived(page)).not.toHaveAttribute('aria-pressed');
    await showArchived(page).click();
-    await expect(showArchived(page)).toHaveAttribute('aria-pressed','true');
+    await expect(backToLibrary(page)).toBeVisible();await expect(backToLibrary(page)).not.toHaveAttribute('aria-pressed');
+    await expect(showArchived(page)).toHaveCount(0);
    await expect(cards(page)).toHaveCount(2);
    await expect(page.locator('.section-caption > span').first()).toHaveText(/^2 archived prompts · \d+ negative variants? hidden with them$/);
    await expect(card(page,cat.id).locator('.card-title .chip',{hasText:'Archived'})).toHaveCount(1);
@@ -94,7 +98,8 @@ test('Show archived prompts lists archived prompts, and Restore on its bar retur
    await bar(page).getByRole('button',{name:'Restore',exact:true}).click();
    await expect(toast(page)).toHaveText('Restored 1 prompt to the Prompt library.');
    await expect(cards(page)).toHaveCount(1);
-    await showArchived(page).click();
+    await backToLibrary(page).click();
+    await expect(showArchived(page)).toHaveText('Show archived prompts (1)');
    await expect(cards(page)).toHaveCount(before.length-1);
    await expect(card(page,cat.id)).toHaveCount(1);
    expect((await items(request,'archived')).map(item=>item.id)).toEqual([dual.id]);
@@ -104,6 +109,190 @@ test('Show archived prompts lists archived prompts, and Restore on its bar retur
    await expect(page.locator('.library-status')).toHaveText('No archived prompts.');
 });

+// #482 (D154): a prompt in a saved pair can be deleted permanently, with its own saved pairs; Archive stays the default.
+const choice=page=>review(page).getByRole('radiogroup',{name:'Prompts in a saved pair'});
+const row=(page,term)=>review(page).locator('dl.meta-grid > div').filter({has:page.locator('dt',{hasText:new RegExp(`^${term}$`)})}).locator('dd');
+test('Delete permanently removes a paired prompt with its own saved pair; its negative stays (#482)',async({page,request})=>{
+    const before=await items(request);const dual=byText(before,'Dual role portrait'),cat=byText(before,'Cat portrait');
+    const writes=recordPosts(page,DELETE);
+    await page.goto(route);await expect(cards(page)).toHaveCount(before.length);
+    await box(page,dual.id).check();await openReview(page);
+    // Archive is checked: the review is #443's.
+    await expect(choice(page).getByRole('radio',{name:'Archive (hidden, restorable)'})).toBeChecked();
+    // The D90 radio row (the auto-tag "How to apply"): each radio keeps its own size beside its label.
+    expect(await choice(page).evaluate(group=>{const label=group.querySelector('label'),radio=label.querySelector('input');
+        return {group:group.className,display:getComputedStyle(label).display,gap:getComputedStyle(label).columnGap,
+            margin:getComputedStyle(radio).marginLeft,full:radio.getBoundingClientRect().width>=label.getBoundingClientRect().width/2};}))
+        .toEqual({group:'field',display:'flex',gap:'8px',margin:'0px',full:false});
+    await expect(review(page).getByRole('button',{name:'Archive 1 prompt',exact:true})).toBeVisible();
+    await choice(page).getByRole('radio',{name:'Delete permanently, with their saved pairs'}).check();
+    await expect(review(page)).toHaveAccessibleName('Delete selected prompts');
+    await expect(row(page,'Delete permanently')).toHaveText('1 prompt in a saved pair');
+    await expect(row(page,'Saved pairs removed')).toHaveText('1 saved pair (1 with a negative prompt)');
+    await expect(row(page,'Negatives kept')).toHaveText('1 negative prompt is kept');
+    await expect(row(page,'Backup')).toHaveText('Create and verify before deleting');
+    await expect(review(page).locator('p.small').first()).toHaveText(/^Deleting a prompt in a saved pair also removes its saved pairs/);
+    // Back to Archive: the review is #443's again.
+    await choice(page).getByRole('radio',{name:'Archive (hidden, restorable)'}).check();
+    await expect(row(page,'Saved pairs removed')).toHaveCount(0);
+    await expect(review(page).getByRole('button',{name:'Archive 1 prompt',exact:true})).toBeVisible();
+    await choice(page).getByRole('radio',{name:'Delete permanently, with their saved pairs'}).check();
+    await review(page).getByRole('button',{name:'Delete 1 prompt',exact:true}).click();
+    await expect(toast(page)).toHaveText(/^Deleted 1 prompt\. Removed 1 saved pair\. Safety backup saved: /);
+    await expect(card(page,dual.id)).toHaveCount(0);
+    expect(writes).toHaveLength(1);
+    expect(writes[0].delete_paired_ids).toEqual([dual.id]);
+    expect(Object.keys(writes[0].paired_digests)).toEqual([String(dual.id)]);
+    const after=await items(request);
+    expect(byText(after,'Dual role portrait')).toBeUndefined();
+    // Its negative (Cat portrait) is kept, with its own variants.
+    expect(byText(after,'Cat portrait')?.id).toBe(cat.id);
+    expect((await items(request,'archived')).map(item=>item.id)).toEqual([]);
+});
+
+test('a prompt used as another prompt\'s negative is archived even when Delete permanently is chosen (#482)',async({page,request})=>{
+    const before=await items(request);const dual=byText(before,'Dual role portrait'),cat=byText(before,'Cat portrait');
+    await page.goto(route);await expect(cards(page)).toHaveCount(before.length);
+    await box(page,cat.id).check();await box(page,dual.id).check();await openReview(page);
+    await choice(page).getByRole('radio',{name:'Delete permanently, with their saved pairs'}).check();
+    await expect(row(page,'Archive')).toHaveText('1 prompt used as another prompt\'s negative: hidden, restorable');
+    await expect(review(page).locator('p.small',{hasText:'archived instead of deleted'})).toHaveCount(1);
+    await review(page).getByRole('button',{name:'Delete 1 and archive 1 prompt',exact:true}).click();
+    await expect(toast(page)).toHaveText(/^Deleted 1 prompt\. Removed 1 saved pair\. Archived 1 prompt\./);
+    expect((await items(request,'archived')).map(item=>item.id)).toEqual([cat.id]);
+});
+
+test('the choice resets to Archive on every Delete…, and a selection with no paired prompt has none (#482)',async({page,request})=>{
+    const before=await items(request);const dual=byText(before,'Dual role portrait'),dog=byText(before,'Dog landscape');
+    await page.goto(route);await box(page,dual.id).check();await openReview(page);
+    await choice(page).getByRole('radio',{name:'Delete permanently, with their saved pairs'}).check();
+    await review(page).getByRole('button',{name:'Cancel',exact:true}).click();
+    await openReview(page);
+    await expect(choice(page).getByRole('radio',{name:'Archive (hidden, restorable)'})).toBeChecked();
+    await review(page).getByRole('button',{name:'Cancel',exact:true}).click();
+    await bar(page).getByRole('button',{name:'Clear',exact:true}).click();
+    await box(page,dog.id).check();await openReview(page);
+    await expect(choice(page)).toHaveCount(0);
+});
+
+// #481 (D161): a prompt's own page deletes it from Edit metadata (the concept's recipe editor, app.js 976), through the
+// same review: "Delete prompt…" beside "Archive variant…" (the variant's archive, renamed so the two cannot be confused).
+const editMetadata=page=>page.locator('#workspace-main .heading-actions').getByRole('button',{name:'Edit metadata',exact:true});
+const editor=page=>page.locator('dialog.library-editor[open]');
+async function deleteFromPage(page,id){
+    await page.goto(`/prompt_manager/workspace#/library/${id}`);
+    await editMetadata(page).click();
+    await expect(editor(page).locator('.dialog-actions button')).toHaveText(['Create text revision','Archive variant…','Delete prompt…','Cancel','Save']);
+    await expect(editor(page).getByRole('button',{name:'Delete prompt…',exact:true})).toHaveClass(/\bdanger\b/);
+    await editor(page).getByRole('button',{name:'Delete prompt…',exact:true}).click();
+    await expect(editor(page)).toHaveCount(0);await expect(review(page)).toBeVisible();
+}
+test('Delete prompt… on a prompt\'s page archives it by default, and deletes it permanently when chosen (#481)',async({page,request})=>{
+    const dual=byText(await items(request),'Dual role portrait');
+    const previews=recordPosts(page,PREVIEW);
+    await deleteFromPage(page,dual.id);
+    expect(previews.map(body=>body.prompt_ids)).toEqual([[dual.id]]);
+    await expect(choice(page).getByRole('radio',{name:'Archive (hidden, restorable)'})).toBeChecked();
+    await review(page).getByRole('button',{name:'Archive 1 prompt',exact:true}).click();
+    await expect(toast(page)).toHaveText('Archived 1 prompt.');
+    // The page stays and shows its Archived notice.
+    await expect(page.locator('.library-archived-notice h2')).toHaveText('Archived');
+    await expect(page.locator('#workspace-main h1')).toBeFocused();
+    await page.locator('.library-archived-notice').getByRole('button',{name:'Restore this prompt to the Prompt library'}).click();
+    await expect(toast(page)).toHaveText('Restored 1 prompt to the Prompt library.');
+    // Delete permanently: back to the Prompt library, the prompt gone.
+    await editMetadata(page).click();await editor(page).getByRole('button',{name:'Delete prompt…',exact:true}).click();
+    await choice(page).getByRole('radio',{name:'Delete permanently, with their saved pairs'}).check();
+    await review(page).getByRole('button',{name:'Delete 1 prompt',exact:true}).click();
+    await expect(toast(page)).toHaveText(/^Deleted 1 prompt\. Removed 1 saved pair\. Safety backup saved: /);
+    await expect(page).toHaveURL(/#\/library$/);
+    await expect(card(page,dual.id)).toHaveCount(0);
+    expect(byText(await items(request),'Dual role portrait')).toBeUndefined();
+});
+
+test('Cancel on the page\'s review changes nothing and returns focus to Edit metadata (#481)',async({page,request})=>{
+    const dual=byText(await items(request),'Dual role portrait');
+    const writes=recordPosts(page,DELETE);
+    await deleteFromPage(page,dual.id);
+    await review(page).getByRole('button',{name:'Cancel',exact:true}).click();
+    await expect(review(page)).toHaveCount(0);await expect(editMetadata(page)).toBeFocused();
+    expect(writes).toEqual([]);
+    expect(byText(await items(request),'Dual role portrait')?.id).toBe(dual.id);
+});
+
+test('the page\'s delete holds one review at a time, Escape returns focus, and an archived page\'s review is close-only (#481)',async({page,request})=>{
+    const dual=byText(await items(request),'Dual role portrait');
+    const previews=recordPosts(page,PREVIEW);
+    let release;const held=new Promise(resolve=>{release=resolve;});
+    await page.route(`**${PREVIEW}`,async item=>{await held;await item.fallback();});
+    await page.goto(`/prompt_manager/workspace#/library/${dual.id}`);
+    await editMetadata(page).click();await editor(page).getByRole('button',{name:'Delete prompt…',exact:true}).click();
+    // While the preview is held, Edit metadata is held too: no second review and no save can race the delete.
+    await expect(editMetadata(page)).toHaveAttribute('aria-disabled','true');
+    await editMetadata(page).click({force:true});await expect(editor(page)).toHaveCount(0);
+    release();
+    await expect(review(page)).toBeVisible();
+    expect(previews).toHaveLength(1);
+    expect(previews[0].expected_epoch).toMatch(/\S/);
+    await page.keyboard.press('Escape');
+    await expect(review(page)).toHaveCount(0);await expect(editMetadata(page)).toBeFocused();
+    await expect(editMetadata(page)).not.toHaveAttribute('aria-disabled');
+    await page.unroute(`**${PREVIEW}`);
+    // Archived: its review has nothing to change and only closes.
+    await editMetadata(page).click();await editor(page).getByRole('button',{name:'Delete prompt…',exact:true}).click();
+    await review(page).getByRole('button',{name:'Archive 1 prompt',exact:true}).click();
+    await expect(page.locator('.library-archived-notice')).toBeVisible();
+    await editMetadata(page).click();await editor(page).getByRole('button',{name:'Delete prompt…',exact:true}).click();
+    await expect(review(page).locator('p.small').last()).toHaveText('None of the selected prompts can be deleted or archived.');
+    await expect(review(page).getByRole('button',{name:/^(Delete|Archive)/})).toHaveCount(0);
+});
+
+test('a failed review on the prompt\'s page says so, changes nothing and releases Edit metadata (#481)',async({page,request})=>{
+    const dual=byText(await items(request),'Dual role portrait');
+    const writes=recordPosts(page,DELETE);
+    await page.route(`**${PREVIEW}`,item=>item.fulfill({status:500,contentType:'application/json',body:JSON.stringify({success:false,code:'review-failed',error:'x'})}),{times:1});
+    await page.goto(`/prompt_manager/workspace#/library/${dual.id}`);
+    await editMetadata(page).click();await editor(page).getByRole('button',{name:'Delete prompt…',exact:true}).click();
+    await expect(toast(page)).toHaveText('The selected prompts could not be reviewed. Try again.');
+    await expect(review(page)).toHaveCount(0);await expect(editMetadata(page)).not.toHaveAttribute('aria-disabled');
+    expect(writes).toEqual([]);
+    await editMetadata(page).click();await expect(editor(page)).toBeVisible();
+});
+
+test('a delete answered after the page was left invalidates the shelf without a toast or a jump (#481)',async({page,request})=>{
+    const dual=byText(await items(request),'Dual role portrait');
+    let release;const held=new Promise(resolve=>{release=resolve;});
+    let answered;const done=new Promise(resolve=>{answered=resolve;});
+    await page.route(`**${DELETE}`,async item=>{await held;const response=await item.fetch();await item.fulfill({response});answered();});
+    await deleteFromPage(page,dual.id);
+    await review(page).getByRole('button',{name:'Archive 1 prompt',exact:true}).click();
+    await page.evaluate(()=>{window.location.hash='#/overview';});
+    await expect(page.locator('#workspace-main h1')).toHaveText('Overview');
+    // Every toast text shown from here on is recorded, so one shown and hidden again still counts.
+    await page.evaluate(()=>{window.seenToasts=[];new MutationObserver(()=>{for(const node of document.querySelectorAll('.toast'))
+        if(node.textContent.trim())window.seenToasts.push(node.textContent.trim());}).observe(document.body,{subtree:true,childList:true,characterData:true});});
+    release();await done;
+    // The answer lands on Overview: no navigation; the shelf reads again when opened; and no toast was ever shown.
+    await page.evaluate(()=>{window.location.hash='#/library';});
+    await expect(card(page,dual.id)).toHaveCount(0);
+    expect((await items(request,'archived')).map(item=>item.id)).toEqual([dual.id]);
+    expect(await page.evaluate(()=>window.seenToasts)).toEqual([]);
+});
+
+test('a restore since the prompt\'s page loaded is refused and the page reads the Library again (#481)',async({page,request})=>{
+    const dual=byText(await items(request),'Dual role portrait');
+    await armUnseenRestores(page);
+    await page.goto(`/prompt_manager/workspace#/library/${dual.id}`);
+    await editMetadata(page).click();await editor(page).getByRole('button',{name:'Delete prompt…',exact:true}).click();
+    const backup=await request.get('/prompt_manager/backup');await expect(backup).toBeOK();const buffer=await backup.body();
+    const restore=await unseenRestore(page,()=>request.post('/prompt_manager/restore',{multipart:{database_file:{name:'library.db',mimeType:'application/octet-stream',buffer}}}));
+    await expect(restore).toBeOK();
+    await review(page).getByRole('button',{name:'Archive 1 prompt',exact:true}).click();
+    await expect(toast(page)).toHaveText('The library was restored or moved since this page loaded. Nothing was deleted or archived.');
+    await expect(page.locator('#workspace-main h1')).toBeFocused();
+    expect((await items(request,'archived')).map(item=>item.id)).toEqual([]);
+});
+
 test('an archived prompt\'s page says so and restores it from its notice',async({page,request})=>{
    const cat=byText(await items(request),'Cat portrait');
    const epoch=(await(await request.get('/prompt_manager/library/options')).json()).library_epoch;
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ import {inventoryOf,mapConcept,diffInventory} from './library-editor-canonical-c
 // Dialog-level contracts mount the editor through a page import; the user flows below use the real entry actions.
 test.use({locale:'en-US',timezoneId:'UTC',reducedMotion:'reduce'});
 const workspace='/prompt_manager/workspace';
-const ACTIONS={new:['Cancel','Save'],metadata:['Create text revision','Archive…','Cancel','Save'],revision:['Cancel','Save'],negative:['Cancel','Save']};
+const ACTIONS={new:['Cancel','Save'],metadata:['Create text revision','Archive variant…','Delete prompt…','Cancel','Save'],revision:['Cancel','Save'],negative:['Cancel','Save']};
 // D153 (#447): no Rating field; the fixture's positive stays stored with rating 4 through every workspace save.
 const LABELS=['Title','Positive prompt','Negative prompt (optional)','Category','Tags, separated by commas','Notes'];
 const UNAPPLIED='Saved as a new negative variant of an existing prompt. The title, category, tags and notes you entered were not applied.';
@@ -27,13 +27,15 @@ async function mountEditor(page,theme) {
    if(theme)await page.getByRole('combobox',{name:'Theme',exact:true}).selectOption(theme);
    await page.evaluate(async()=>{
        const trigger=document.createElement('button');trigger.type='button';trigger.id='editor-trigger';trigger.textContent='Open editor';document.body.append(trigger);
-        window.editorEvents={committed:[],reconciled:[]};
+        window.editorEvents={committed:[],reconciled:[],deletePrompt:[]};
        try {
            const {createLibraryEditor,showWorkspaceToast}=await import('/prompt_manager/js/workspace/library-editor.mjs');
            const {createScope}=await import('/prompt_manager/js/shared/toolkit/core.js');
            const scope=createScope();
            const editor=createLibraryEditor({api:window.ApiClient.createApiClient(),parentScope:scope,
-                onCommitted:commit=>window.editorEvents.committed.push(commit),onReconciled:result=>window.editorEvents.reconciled.push(result)});
+                onCommitted:commit=>window.editorEvents.committed.push(commit),onReconciled:result=>window.editorEvents.reconciled.push(result),
+                // As the prompt's page wires it (#481); the review itself is covered in workspace-library-delete.spec.mjs.
+                onDeletePrompt:request=>window.editorEvents.deletePrompt.push(request.positiveId)});
            window.editorHarness={scope,editor,showWorkspaceToast};
        } catch(error) {window.editorHarness={missing:String(error)};}
    });
@@ -52,7 +54,7 @@ const pairRead=async(request,id)=>(await(await request.get(`/prompt_manager/pair

 test('edit recipe metadata shows the concept fields with the selected saved negative read-only',async({page})=>{
    const f=page.fixture;await mountEditor(page);
-    const dialog=await openEditor(page,{mode:'metadata',positiveId:f.positive_id,pairId:f.pair_id});
+    let dialog=await openEditor(page,{mode:'metadata',positiveId:f.positive_id,pairId:f.pair_id});
    await expect(dialog.getByRole('heading',{name:'Edit recipe metadata',exact:true})).toBeVisible();
    expect(await dialog.evaluate(node=>node.matches(':modal'))).toBe(true);
    await expect(button(dialog,'Close dialog')).toBeFocused();await ready(dialog);
@@ -73,9 +75,14 @@ test('edit recipe metadata shows the concept fields with the selected saved nega
    await expect(dialog.locator('[placeholder]')).toHaveCount(0);
    await expect(dialog.locator('.demo-note')).toHaveCount(0);
    expect(await actionNames(dialog)).toEqual(ACTIONS.metadata);
-    await expect(button(dialog,'Archive…')).toHaveClass(/\bdanger\b/);await expect(button(dialog,'Save')).toHaveClass(/\bca-primary\b/);
+    await expect(button(dialog,'Archive variant…')).toHaveClass(/\bdanger\b/);await expect(button(dialog,'Save')).toHaveClass(/\bca-primary\b/);
    await page.keyboard.press('Escape');await expect(dialog).toHaveCount(0);
    await expect(page.locator('#editor-trigger')).toBeFocused();expect(page.writes).toHaveLength(0);
+    // D161 (#481): Delete prompt… closes the editor first and hands the prompt to the page's delete review.
+    dialog=await openEditor(page,{mode:'metadata',positiveId:f.positive_id,pairId:f.pair_id});await ready(dialog);
+    await expect(button(dialog,'Delete prompt…')).toHaveClass(/\bdanger\b/);await button(dialog,'Delete prompt…').click();
+    await expect(dialog).toHaveCount(0);
+    expect(await page.evaluate(()=>window.editorEvents.deletePrompt)).toEqual([f.positive_id]);expect(page.writes).toHaveLength(0);
 });

 test('editor modes persist through reload with selected saved negative',async({page,request})=>{
@@ -144,13 +151,13 @@ test('editor modes persist through reload with selected saved negative',async({p
 test('archive confirms the selected pair with fresh counts and writes only on confirm',async({page,request})=>{
    const f=page.fixture;await mountEditor(page);
    let dialog=await openEditor(page,{mode:'metadata',positiveId:f.standalone_id,pairId:null});await ready(dialog);
-    const archive=button(dialog,'Archive…');await expect(archive).toBeDisabled();
+    const archive=button(dialog,'Archive variant…');await expect(archive).toBeDisabled();
    await expect(archive).toHaveAccessibleDescription('Archive needs a selected saved negative variant.');
    await expect(note(dialog)).toHaveText('Archive needs a selected saved negative variant.');
    await button(dialog,'Cancel').click();await expect(dialog).toHaveCount(0);await expect(page.locator('#editor-trigger')).toBeFocused();

    dialog=await openEditor(page,{mode:'metadata',positiveId:f.positive_id,pairId:f.pair_id});await ready(dialog);
-    await button(dialog,'Archive…').click();
+    await button(dialog,'Archive variant…').click();
    await expect(dialog.getByRole('heading',{name:'Archive negative variant',exact:true})).toBeVisible();
    await expect(button(dialog,'Close dialog')).toBeFocused();
    const block=dialog.getByRole('region',{name:'Negative prompt',exact:true});
@@ -163,7 +170,7 @@ test('archive confirms the selected pair with fresh counts and writes only on co
    expect((await pairRead(request,f.pair_id)).archived).toBe(false);

    dialog=await openEditor(page,{mode:'metadata',positiveId:f.positive_id,pairId:f.pair_id});await ready(dialog);
-    await button(dialog,'Archive…').click();await expect(button(dialog,'Archive')).toBeEnabled();
+    await button(dialog,'Archive variant…').click();await expect(button(dialog,'Archive')).toBeEnabled();
    await button(dialog,'Archive').click();await expect(dialog).toHaveCount(0);
    expect(page.writes).toEqual([{method:'PATCH',url:`/prompt_manager/pairs/${f.pair_id}`,body:{archived:true}}]);
    expect((await pairRead(request,f.pair_id)).archived).toBe(true);
@@ -178,7 +185,7 @@ test('a failed archive keeps focus on the Archive confirmation inside the dialog
        failed=true;return route.fulfill({status:400,contentType:'application/json',body:'{"success":false,"error":"Cannot archive.","code":null}'});
    });
    const dialog=await openEditor(page,{mode:'metadata',positiveId:f.positive_id,pairId:f.pair_id});await ready(dialog);
-    await button(dialog,'Archive…').click();await expect(button(dialog,'Archive')).toBeEnabled();
+    await button(dialog,'Archive variant…').click();await expect(button(dialog,'Archive')).toBeEnabled();
    await button(dialog,'Archive').click();
    await expect(note(dialog)).toContainText('Cannot archive.');expect(page.writes).toHaveLength(1);
    await expect(button(dialog,'Archive')).toBeFocused();
@@ -192,7 +199,7 @@ test('an unconfirmed archive moves focus to Retry instead of dropping it out of
        await route.continue();
    });
    const dialog=await openEditor(page,{mode:'metadata',positiveId:f.positive_id,pairId:f.pair_id});await ready(dialog);
-    await button(dialog,'Archive…').click();await expect(button(dialog,'Archive')).toBeEnabled();
+    await button(dialog,'Archive variant…').click();await expect(button(dialog,'Archive')).toBeEnabled();
    await button(dialog,'Archive').click();
    await expect(note(dialog)).toHaveText('Archive could not be confirmed. Retry sends the same archive once.');
    await expect(button(dialog,'Archive')).toBeDisabled();await expect(button(dialog,'Retry')).toBeFocused();
@@ -209,7 +216,7 @@ test('an archive conflict offers an explicit Reload that re-reads and never repl
        conflicted=true;return route.fulfill({status:409,contentType:'application/json',body:'{"success":false,"error":"changed","code":"metadata-conflict"}'});
    });
    const dialog=await openEditor(page,{mode:'metadata',positiveId:f.positive_id,pairId:f.pair_id});await ready(dialog);
-    await button(dialog,'Archive…').click();await expect(button(dialog,'Archive')).toBeEnabled();
+    await button(dialog,'Archive variant…').click();await expect(button(dialog,'Archive')).toBeEnabled();
    await button(dialog,'Archive').click();
    await expect(note(dialog)).toHaveText('This negative variant changed since it was loaded. Reload it and review it before archiving.');
    await expect(button(dialog,'Archive')).toBeDisabled();expect(page.writes).toHaveLength(1);
@@ -237,7 +244,7 @@ test('cancel and busy submit have honest write counts',async({page})=>{
    dialog=await openEditor(page,{mode:'metadata',positiveId:f.positive_id,pairId:f.pair_id});await ready(dialog);
    await field(dialog,'Notes').fill('busy save');await button(dialog,'Save').click();
    await expect(note(dialog)).toHaveText('Saving… The dialog stays open until the server answers.');
-    for(const name of ['Save','Cancel','Close dialog','Create text revision','Archive…'])await expect(button(dialog,name)).toBeDisabled();
+    for(const name of ['Save','Cancel','Close dialog','Create text revision','Archive variant…','Delete prompt…'])await expect(button(dialog,name)).toBeDisabled();
    await field(dialog,'Title').press('Enter');await page.keyboard.press('Escape');
    await expect(dialog).toBeVisible();expect(page.writes).toHaveLength(1);
    release();await expect(dialog).toHaveCount(0);expect(page.writes).toHaveLength(1);
@@ -319,15 +326,15 @@ test('edge states keep drafts, explain disabled archive and clean up on dispose'

    dialog=await openEditor(page,{mode:'metadata',positiveId:f.positive_id,pairId:f.archived_pair_id});await ready(dialog);
    await expect(field(dialog,'Negative prompt (optional)')).toHaveValue(f.archived_negative);
-    await expect(button(dialog,'Archive…')).toBeDisabled();await expect(note(dialog)).toHaveText('This negative variant is already archived.');
-    await expect(button(dialog,'Archive…')).toHaveAccessibleDescription('This negative variant is already archived.');
+    await expect(button(dialog,'Archive variant…')).toBeDisabled();await expect(note(dialog)).toHaveText('This negative variant is already archived.');
+    await expect(button(dialog,'Archive variant…')).toHaveAccessibleDescription('This negative variant is already archived.');
    await button(dialog,'Cancel').click();

    let failed=true;
    await page.route(`**/prompt_manager/pairs/${f.empty_pair_id}`,route=>{if(!failed&&route.request().method()==='GET'){failed=true;return route.fulfill({status:500,contentType:'application/json',body:'{"success":false,"error":"down"}'});}return route.continue();});
    dialog=await openEditor(page,{mode:'metadata',positiveId:f.positive_id,pairId:f.empty_pair_id});await ready(dialog);
    await expect(field(dialog,'Negative prompt (optional)')).toHaveValue('');
-    failed=false;await button(dialog,'Archive…').click();
+    failed=false;await button(dialog,'Archive variant…').click();
    await expect(note(dialog)).toHaveText('Linked images and recorded runs could not be read. Nothing was archived.');
    await expect(button(dialog,'Archive')).toBeDisabled();
    await expect(dialog.getByRole('region',{name:'Negative prompt',exact:true})).toContainText('Empty negative prompt');
@@ -347,12 +354,12 @@ test('the archive confirmation does not inherit a failed or invalid Edit save me
    let dialog=await openEditor(page,{mode:'metadata',positiveId:f.positive_id,pairId:f.pair_id});await ready(dialog);
    await field(dialog,'Notes').fill('Rejected notes');await button(dialog,'Save').click();
    await expect(note(dialog)).toHaveText('Not saved: Notes are too long. Your entries are kept.');
-    await button(dialog,'Archive…').click();await expect(dialog).toContainText('1 image and 2 recorded runs stay linked.');
+    await button(dialog,'Archive variant…').click();await expect(dialog).toContainText('1 image and 2 recorded runs stay linked.');
    await expect(note(dialog)).toBeHidden();await expect(button(dialog,'Archive')).toBeEnabled();
    await button(dialog,'Cancel').click();await expect(dialog).toHaveCount(0);
    dialog=await openEditor(page,{mode:'metadata',positiveId:f.positive_id,pairId:f.pair_id});await ready(dialog);
    await field(dialog,'Title').fill('   ');await button(dialog,'Save').click();await expect(note(dialog)).toHaveText('Title is required');
-    await button(dialog,'Archive…').click();await expect(dialog).toContainText('1 image and 2 recorded runs stay linked.');
+    await button(dialog,'Archive variant…').click();await expect(dialog).toContainText('1 image and 2 recorded runs stay linked.');
    await expect(note(dialog)).toBeHidden();await expect(button(dialog,'Archive')).toBeEnabled();
    expect(page.writes).toHaveLength(1);
 });
@@ -493,9 +500,10 @@ test('a restore seen finishing keeps New prompt open and reloads the Library aft
 test('library heading offers Export then + New prompt, and New opens the saved prompt history',async({page,request})=>{
    await page.goto(`${workspace}#/library`);await expect(page.locator('article[data-prompt-id]').first()).toBeVisible();
    const actions=headingActions(page).locator('button');
-    // D152 (#443): Show archived prompts (N) comes first, a plain toggle.
+    // D152 (#443): Show archived prompts (N) comes first, a plain button (#482: no pressed state; on the archived shelf it
+    // reads "← Prompt library").
    expect(await visibleNames(actions)).toEqual(['Show archived prompts (0)','Export','+ New prompt']);
-    await expect(actions.nth(0)).toHaveAttribute('aria-pressed','false');await expect(actions.nth(0)).not.toHaveClass(/ca-primary/);
+    await expect(actions.nth(0)).not.toHaveAttribute('aria-pressed');await expect(actions.nth(0)).not.toHaveClass(/ca-primary/);
    // One image is counted in the singular.
    const f=page.fixture;await expect(page.locator(`article[data-prompt-id="${f.positive_id}"]`).getByText('1 image',{exact:true})).toHaveCount(1);
    await expect(actions.nth(1)).toHaveAccessibleName('Export full Library JSON');await expect(actions.nth(1)).not.toHaveClass(/ca-primary/);
@@ -641,14 +649,14 @@ test('restored storage after a confirmed save or before an archive offers an exp
    const saved=page.waitForResponse(item=>item.request().method()==='PATCH'&&new URL(item.url()).pathname===`/prompt_manager/library/${f.positive_id}`);
    await button(dialog,'Save').click();await saved;
    await expect(note(dialog)).toHaveText('Saved; Library refresh failed because prompt storage was restored. Reload the Library to see current data.');
-    expect(await actionNames(dialog)).toEqual(['Reload Library','Create text revision','Archive…','Cancel','Save']);
-    for(const name of ['Create text revision','Archive…'])await expect(button(dialog,name)).toBeDisabled();
+    expect(await actionNames(dialog)).toEqual(['Reload Library','Create text revision','Archive variant…','Delete prompt…','Cancel','Save']);
+    for(const name of ['Create text revision','Archive variant…','Delete prompt…'])await expect(button(dialog,name)).toBeDisabled();
    await button(dialog,'Reload Library').click();await expect(dialog).toHaveCount(0);
    await expect(variantsPanel(page)).toBeVisible();await expect(page.locator('#workspace-main h1')).toHaveText(f.metadata.title);
    await page.unroute(`**/prompt_manager/library/${f.positive_id}`);expect(page.writes).toHaveLength(1);
    await selectPair(page,'Select negative variant 2');
    await page.getByRole('button',{name:'Edit metadata',exact:true}).click();dialog=editorDialog(page);await ready(dialog);
-    await button(dialog,'Archive…').click();await expect(button(dialog,'Archive')).toBeEnabled();
+    await button(dialog,'Archive variant…').click();await expect(button(dialog,'Archive')).toBeEnabled();
    await expect(await restore()).toBeOK();await button(dialog,'Archive').click();
    await expect(note(dialog)).toHaveText('Prompt storage was restored since this dialog opened. Nothing was archived.');
    expect(await actionNames(dialog)).toEqual(['Reload Library','Cancel','Archive']);expect(page.writes).toHaveLength(1);
@@ -665,10 +673,10 @@ test('restored storage before an Edit or Add negative save offers only the Libra
    await expect(await restore()).toBeOK();
    await field(dialog,'Notes').fill('Typed before the restore');await button(dialog,'Save').click();
    await expect(note(dialog)).toHaveText(`Prompt storage was restored since this dialog opened. Nothing was saved. ${DISCARDS}`);
-    expect(await actionNames(dialog)).toEqual(['Reload Library','Create text revision','Archive…','Cancel','Save']);
+    expect(await actionNames(dialog)).toEqual(['Reload Library','Create text revision','Archive variant…','Delete prompt…','Cancel','Save']);
    await expect(button(dialog,'Reload Library state')).toHaveCount(0);await expect(button(dialog,'Save')).toBeDisabled();
    // Revise and archive would re-read the old numeric IDs, which may now name another prompt.
-    for(const name of ['Create text revision','Archive…'])await expect(button(dialog,name)).toBeDisabled();
+    for(const name of ['Create text revision','Archive variant…','Delete prompt…'])await expect(button(dialog,name)).toBeDisabled();
    await expect(button(dialog,'Reload Library')).toBeFocused();
    expect(page.writes).toHaveLength(1);// the refused save
    await button(dialog,'Reload Library').click();await expect(dialog).toHaveCount(0);await expect(variantsPanel(page)).toBeVisible();
@@ -735,7 +743,7 @@ test('archive hides a pair, Show archived finds it and Restore keeps it selected
    const before=await evidence();expect(before.counts).toEqual({images:1,runs:2});
    await openHistory(page,f.positive_id);await selectPair(page,'Select negative variant 2');
    await page.getByRole('button',{name:'Edit metadata',exact:true}).click();const dialog=editorDialog(page);await ready(dialog);
-    await button(dialog,'Archive…').click();await expect(button(dialog,'Archive')).toBeEnabled();await button(dialog,'Archive').click();await expect(dialog).toHaveCount(0);
+    await button(dialog,'Archive variant…').click();await expect(button(dialog,'Archive')).toBeEnabled();await button(dialog,'Archive').click();await expect(dialog).toHaveCount(0);
    await expect(toast(page)).toHaveText('Archived. Find it under Show archived in Negative variants.');await expect(page.locator('#workspace-main h1')).toBeFocused();
    await expect(variantsPanel(page).locator('.variant-lane')).toHaveCount(2);await expect(pressedVariant(page)).toHaveCount(1);
    await expect(savedTexts(page).getByRole('region',{name:'Negative prompt',exact:true})).not.toContainText(f.selected_negative);
@@ -878,7 +886,7 @@ test('turning Show archived on again after a hidden archive shows the newly arch
    await toggle().click();await expect(toggle()).toHaveAttribute('aria-pressed','false');await expect(variantsPanel(page).locator('.library-variant-archived')).toHaveCount(0);
    await selectPair(page,'Select negative variant 2');
    await page.getByRole('button',{name:'Edit metadata',exact:true}).click();const dialog=editorDialog(page);await ready(dialog);
-    await button(dialog,'Archive…').click();await expect(button(dialog,'Archive')).toBeEnabled();await button(dialog,'Archive').click();await expect(dialog).toHaveCount(0);
+    await button(dialog,'Archive variant…').click();await expect(button(dialog,'Archive')).toBeEnabled();await button(dialog,'Archive').click();await expect(dialog).toHaveCount(0);
    await expect(toggle()).toHaveText('Show archived (2)');await toggle().click();
    await expect(variantsPanel(page).locator('.library-variant-archived')).toHaveCount(2);
    await expect(laneLabel(page,'· 2 runs · Archived')).toHaveCount(1);await uniqueDotNames(page);
@@ -221,6 +221,33 @@ test('tag image from review saves tags and the item remains pending', async ({ p
    await expect(dialog).toHaveCount(0);
 });

+test('#515: tags typed before the image observation answers are saved', async ({ page, request }) => {
+    await seed(request, 1);
+    await open(page);
+    // Hold the dialog's observation so the typing lands while it is pending (a slow host or WebKit in CI).
+    let release;
+    const held = new Promise(resolve => { release = resolve; });
+    const matcher = '**/prompt_manager/image-annotations/observe';
+    let reachedObserve;
+    const reached = new Promise(resolve => { reachedObserve = resolve; });
+    await page.route(matcher, async route => { reachedObserve(); await held; await route.continue(); });
+    await panel(page).getByRole('button', { name: 'Tag image', exact: true }).click();
+    const dialog = page.getByRole('dialog', { name: 'Tag image', exact: true });
+    await reached;
+    const field = dialog.getByRole('textbox', { name: 'Image tags · edit manually', exact: true });
+    await field.fill('dunes');
+    const save = dialog.getByRole('button', { name: 'Save manual tags', exact: true });
+    await expect(save).toHaveAttribute('aria-disabled', 'true');
+    const answered = page.waitForResponse(item => item.url().endsWith('/image-annotations/observe'));
+    release();
+    await answered;
+    await expect(save).not.toHaveAttribute('aria-disabled', 'true');
+    await expect(field).toHaveValue('dunes');
+    await save.click();
+    await expect(toast(page)).toHaveText('1 tags saved for review_0000.png. Prompt association still awaits review.');
+    await page.unroute(matcher);
+});
+
 test('an empty queue shows the empty notice only', async ({ page, request }) => {
    await seed(request, 0);
    await page.goto(review);
@@ -876,3 +876,63 @@ test('retry after a changed storage, file or expired capture observes again and
    await settle();
    assert.equal(c.state.manual, 'Minimal, warm_light');
 });
+
+test('#515: text typed while the first observation is pending is kept, after the saved tags', async () => {
+    const { createImageTaggingController } = await load();
+    const answers = [deferred(), deferred()];
+    let n = 0;
+    const h = harness(defaultRoutes({ [`POST ${OBSERVE}`]: () => answers[n++].promise }));
+    // An untagged file: the typed text is the whole draft and Save sends it.
+    const bare = createImageTaggingController({ api: h.api, target: TARGET, source: 'review' });
+    const first = bare.open();
+    bare.setManual('dunes');
+    answers[0].resolve(response(200, observed({ tags: [], tag_revision: 0 })));
+    await first;
+    await settle();
+    assert.equal(bare.state.phase, 'ready');
+    assert.equal(bare.state.manual, 'dunes');
+    assert.equal(bare.state.statusText, '', 'nothing changed elsewhere');
+    await bare.save();
+    await settle();
+    assert.deepEqual(h.of('PUT', TAGS).at(-1).body.tags, ['dunes']);
+    // A tagged file: its saved tags lead, so a Save never drops tags the user had not seen yet.
+    const tagged = createImageTaggingController({ api: h.api, target: TARGET });
+    const second = tagged.open();
+    tagged.setManual('dunes, minimal');
+    answers[1].resolve(response(200, observed()));
+    await second;
+    await settle();
+    assert.equal(tagged.state.manual, 'Minimal, warm_light, dunes');
+    assert.equal(tagged.state.statusText, '');
+});
+
+test('#515: a kept draft takes the text typed while the reopen observes', async () => {
+    const { c } = await opened({ [`PUT ${TAGS}`]: () => fail(409, 'file-changed', 'The file changed.') });
+    c.setManual('kept draft');
+    await c.save();
+    await settle();
+    const reopened = c.retry();
+    c.setManual('kept draft, later');
+    await reopened;
+    await settle();
+    assert.equal(c.state.phase, 'ready');
+    assert.equal(c.state.manual, 'kept draft, later');
+});
+
+test('#515: text typed before Retry after a failed first observation follows the saved tags', async () => {
+    const { createImageTaggingController } = await load();
+    let n = 0;
+    const h = harness(defaultRoutes({
+        [`POST ${OBSERVE}`]: () => (n++ === 0 ? fail(500, 'internal', 'boom') : response(200, observed())),
+    }));
+    const c = createImageTaggingController({ api: h.api, target: TARGET });
+    await c.open();
+    await settle();
+    assert.equal(c.state.phase, 'observe-error');
+    c.setManual('dunes');
+    await c.retry();
+    await settle();
+    assert.equal(c.state.phase, 'ready');
+    assert.equal(c.state.manual, 'Minimal, warm_light, dunes');
+    assert.equal(c.state.statusText, '');
+});
@@ -91,10 +91,10 @@ test('a delete outcome counts each part, singular and plural, and names the back
        toast: 'Deleted 2 prompts. Archived 3 prompts. 1 protected prompt was kept. Safety backup saved: prompts.db.backup_x (System › Backup & export).'});
    assert.equal(deleteOutcome({success: true, deleted: 1, archived: 0, already_archived: 1, not_found: 1, changed: 1,
        backup: null}, null, reviewOf(preview())).toast,
-    'Deleted 1 prompt. 1 was already archived. 1 no longer exists. 1 changed since the review and was kept.');
+    'Deleted 1 prompt. 1 was already archived. 1 no longer exists. 1 changed since the review and was not deleted.');
    assert.equal(deleteOutcome({success: true, deleted: 0, archived: 0, already_archived: 2, not_found: 3, changed: 2,
        backup: null}, null, reviewOf(preview({protected: [1, 2]}))).toast,
-    'Nothing was deleted or archived. 2 were already archived. 3 no longer exist. 2 changed since the review and were kept. 2 protected prompts were kept. The Library was reloaded.');
+    'Nothing was deleted or archived. 2 were already archived. 3 no longer exist. 2 changed since the review and were not deleted. 2 protected prompts were kept. The Library was reloaded.');
    assert.equal(deleteOutcome({success: true, deleted: 0, archived: 0}, null, reviewOf(preview())).committed, false);
 });

@@ -134,7 +134,8 @@ test('reviewOf keeps only well-formed ids and counts from an answer', async () =
    const review = reviewOf({library_epoch: 3, delete: [1, 'x', -2, 2], archive: null, protected: [1.5], already_archived: -1,
        not_found: 'x', image_links: 2, backup: 'maybe'});
    assert.deepEqual(review, {epoch: null, delete: [1, 2], archive: [], protected: [], alreadyArchived: 0, notFound: 0,
-        imageLinks: 2, backup: 'on', disk: null});
+        imageLinks: 2, backup: 'on', disk: null, deletable: [], digests: {},
+        pairedCounts: {pairs: 0, archivedPairs: 0, variants: 0, keptNegatives: 0}, pairedImageLinks: 0, choice: 'archive'});
 });

 test('the archived notice says why (the saved pair) and names negative variants only when there are any', async () => {
@@ -148,3 +149,83 @@ test('the archived notice says why (the saved pair) and names negative variants
    // An unknown count (an older server) never claims variants.
    assert.equal(archivedNoticeText(undefined), archivedNoticeText(0));
 });
+
+// #482 (D160): prompts in a saved pair can be deleted permanently, with their own saved pairs.
+const D1 = 'a'.repeat(64), D2 = 'b'.repeat(64);
+const paired = (patch = {}) => preview({archive: [3, 4, 5], deletable: [3, 4], review_digests: {3: D1, 4: D2},
+    paired_counts: {pairs: 3, archived_pairs: 1, variants: 2, kept_negatives: 2}, paired_image_links: 4, ...patch});
+
+test('reviewOf reads the deletable ids, their digests and the pair counts; the choice starts at Archive', async () => {
+    const {reviewOf, hasPairedChoice} = await source;
+    const review = reviewOf(paired({deletable: [3, 4, 99], review_digests: {3: D1, 4: 'short', 99: D1}}));
+    // Only reviewed archive ids with a well-formed digest can be deleted permanently.
+    assert.deepEqual(review.deletable, [3]);
+    assert.deepEqual(review.digests, {3: D1});
+    assert.deepEqual(review.pairedCounts, {pairs: 3, archivedPairs: 1, variants: 2, keptNegatives: 2});
+    assert.equal(review.pairedImageLinks, 4);
+    assert.equal(review.choice, 'archive');
+    assert.equal(hasPairedChoice(review), true);
+    assert.equal(hasPairedChoice(reviewOf(preview({archive: [5]}))), false);
+});
+
+test('Archive chosen keeps the #443 review; Delete permanently names the pairs, the kept negatives and archive-only', async () => {
+    const {reviewOf, withChoice, reviewGrid, reviewTitle, primaryLabel, deleteBody} = await source;
+    const review = reviewOf(paired({delete: [1], image_links: 2}));
+    assert.deepEqual(reviewGrid(review).map(([term]) => term), ['Delete permanently', 'Archive', 'Image links removed', 'Backup']);
+    assert.equal(primaryLabel(review), 'Delete 1 and archive 3 prompts');
+    assert.deepEqual(deleteBody(review), {archive_ids: [3, 4, 5], delete_ids: [1], expected_epoch: 'e', backup: 'on'});
+    const permanent = withChoice(review, 'delete');
+    assert.notEqual(permanent, review);
+    assert.equal(review.choice, 'archive');
+    assert.deepEqual(reviewGrid(permanent), [
+        ['Delete permanently', '3 prompts: 1 not in a saved pair, 2 in a saved pair'],
+        ['Saved pairs removed', '3 saved pairs (2 with a negative prompt, 1 archived)'],
+        ['Negatives kept', '2 negative prompts are kept'],
+        ['Archive', '1 prompt used as another prompt\'s negative: hidden, restorable'],
+        ['Image links removed', '6 images will no longer show these prompts (files stay on disk)'],
+        ['Backup', 'Create and verify before deleting'],
+    ]);
+    assert.equal(reviewTitle(permanent), 'Delete or archive selected prompts');
+    assert.equal(primaryLabel(permanent), 'Delete 3 and archive 1 prompt');
+    assert.deepEqual(deleteBody(permanent), {archive_ids: [3, 4, 5], delete_ids: [1], expected_epoch: 'e', backup: 'on',
+        delete_paired_ids: [3, 4], paired_digests: {3: D1, 4: D2}});
+});
+
+test('edge counts: one prompt, no negative, nothing archive-only', async () => {
+    const {reviewOf, withChoice, reviewGrid, reviewTitle, primaryLabel} = await source;
+    // Live prompt 7896: one pair with an explicitly empty negative.
+    const one = withChoice(reviewOf(preview({archive: [7], deletable: [7], review_digests: {7: D1},
+        paired_counts: {pairs: 1, archived_pairs: 0, variants: 0, kept_negatives: 0}, paired_image_links: 0})), 'delete');
+    assert.deepEqual(reviewGrid(one), [
+        ['Delete permanently', '1 prompt in a saved pair'],
+        ['Saved pairs removed', '1 saved pair'],
+        ['Image links removed', '0 images will no longer show these prompts (files stay on disk)'],
+        ['Backup', 'Create and verify before deleting'],
+    ]);
+    assert.equal(reviewTitle(one), 'Delete selected prompts');
+    assert.equal(primaryLabel(one), 'Delete 1 prompt');
+});
+
+test('Delete permanently sentences: what goes with the pairs, what stays, and how it comes back', async () => {
+    const {reviewOf, withChoice, reviewSentences} = await source;
+    const [pairs, remove, archive] = reviewSentences(withChoice(reviewOf(paired()), 'delete'));
+    assert.equal(pairs, 'Deleting a prompt in a saved pair also removes its saved pairs, with their titles, categories, ' +
+        'ratings, notes, tags, run counts and image links. Their negative prompts are kept. Recorded runs stay in History ' +
+        'and Activity, listed by their text.');
+    assert.match(remove, /the only way back is to restore the safety backup/);
+    assert.match(remove, /A pair node run with the same text saves a new pair\.$/);
+    assert.equal(archive, 'Prompts used as another prompt\'s negative are archived instead of deleted, so that ' +
+        'prompt\'s variant stays.');
+    const [, off] = reviewSentences(withChoice(reviewOf(paired({backup: 'off'})), 'delete'));
+    assert.match(off, /Deleted prompts cannot be brought back\./);
+});
+
+test('a short disk blocks only the permanent delete; the outcome names removed pairs', async () => {
+    const {reviewOf, withChoice, blockedReason, deleteOutcome} = await source;
+    const short = reviewOf(paired({disk: {sufficient: false, message: 'Not enough space. Nothing was changed.'}}));
+    assert.equal(blockedReason(short), null);
+    assert.equal(blockedReason(withChoice(short, 'delete')), 'Not enough space. Nothing was changed.');
+    const {toast} = deleteOutcome({success: true, deleted: 2, archived: 1, pairs_removed: 3, changed: 1}, null, short);
+    assert.equal(toast, 'Deleted 2 prompts. Removed 3 saved pairs. Archived 1 prompt. 1 changed since the review and ' +
+        'was not deleted.');
+});
@@ -859,6 +859,42 @@ test('backupNotice is the concept .notice with its copy and one Back up now acti
    }
 });

+test('openReviewDialog replaces its rows and its primary in place (#482)', async () => {
+    const { openReviewDialog, closeWorkspaceDialog } = await dialogsModule;
+    const { createScope } = await coreModule;
+    const dom = fakeDOM();
+    const scope = createScope();
+    try {
+        const started = [];
+        const review = openReviewDialog({ scope, title: 'Delete or archive', grid: [['Archive', '2 prompts']],
+            cancelLabel: 'Cancel', primary: { label: 'Archive 2 prompts', danger: true }, onStart: () => started.push('start') });
+        review.setRows([['Delete permanently', '2 prompts'], ['Saved pairs removed', '3 saved pairs']]);
+        const grid = byId(dom, 'modal-body').children[0];
+        assert.deepEqual(grid.children.map(entry => [entry.children[0].textContent, entry.children[1].textContent]),
+            [['Delete permanently', '2 prompts'], ['Saved pairs removed', '3 saved pairs']]);
+        // setValue reaches the new rows only.
+        review.setValue('Saved pairs removed', '4 saved pairs');
+        review.setValue('Archive', 'x');
+        assert.equal(grid.children[1].children[1].textContent, '4 saved pairs');
+        const start = button(byId(dom, 'modal-body'), 'Archive 2 prompts');
+        review.setPrimary({ label: 'Delete 2 prompts', disabled: true });
+        assert.equal(start.textContent, 'Delete 2 prompts');
+        assert.equal(start.getAttribute('aria-disabled'), 'true');
+        start.click();
+        assert.deepEqual(started, []);
+        assert.equal(modal(dom).open, true);
+        review.setPrimary({ label: 'Delete 2 prompts', disabled: false });
+        assert.equal(start.getAttribute('aria-disabled'), 'false');
+        start.click();
+        assert.deepEqual(started, ['start']);
+        assert.throws(() => review.setRows([['only a term']]), TypeError);
+    } finally {
+        scope.dispose();
+        closeWorkspaceDialog();
+        dom.restore();
+    }
+});
+
 test('openReviewDialog lays out heading, grid, options, sentence, backup box and actions', async () => {
    const { openReviewDialog, closeWorkspaceDialog } = await dialogsModule;
    const { createScope } = await coreModule;
@@ -62,6 +62,8 @@ def table_dump(db):


 class LibraryDeleteCase(unittest.TestCase):
+    maxDiff = None
+
    def setUp(self):
        self.temp = tempfile.TemporaryDirectory()
        # Cleanups run last-in first-out and after every cleanup a test adds,
@@ -138,9 +140,23 @@ class TestClassifyAndApply(LibraryDeleteCase):
                "not_found": [negative_only, 99999],
                "image_links": 1,
                "fingerprints": result["fingerprints"],
+                # #482: the archive ids Delete permanently could remove (with pairs).
+                "deletable": [positive, archived_pair_positive],
+                "review_digests": result["review_digests"],
+                "paired_counts": {
+                    "pairs": 2,
+                    "archived_pairs": 1,
+                    "variants": 2,
+                    # "only negative" is itself selected; only "blur" is kept.
+                    "kept_negatives": 1,
+                },
+                "paired_image_links": 0,
            },
        )
        self.assertEqual(list(result["fingerprints"]), [plain])
+        self.assertEqual(
+            list(result["review_digests"]), [positive, archived_pair_positive]
+        )

    def test_apply_archives_paired_deletes_unpaired_and_skips_protected(self):
        plain = save(self.db, "Plain", tags=["red"])
@@ -160,6 +176,7 @@ class TestClassifyAndApply(LibraryDeleteCase):
                "not_found": 0,
                "changed": 0,
                "image_links": 1,
+                "pairs_removed": 0,
            },
        )
        self.assertEqual(prompt_ids(self.db), sorted([protected, positive, negative]))
@@ -524,3 +541,188 @@ class TestArchivedReaders(LibraryDeleteCase):

 if __name__ == "__main__":
    unittest.main()
+
+
+class TestPairedDelete(LibraryDeleteCase):
+    """#482 (D160): Delete permanently also removes a prompt's own saved pairs."""
+
+    def pair_rows(self, positive):
+        return rows(
+            self.db,
+            "SELECT id FROM prompt_pairs WHERE positive_prompt_id=? ORDER BY id",
+            (positive,),
+        )
+
+    def pair_link(self, pair, image):
+        return self.db.link_image_to_pair(pair, image, {"resolver_version": 1})
+
+    def delete_paired(self, ids, review, archive=None, epoch=None):
+        """Write ``ids`` as Delete permanently, with the digests ``review`` gave."""
+        archive = review["archive"] if archive is None else archive
+        return self.db.archive_or_delete_library_prompts(
+            archive,
+            review["delete"],
+            expected_epoch=epoch or self.epoch,
+            candidates=review["fingerprints"],
+            delete_paired={pid: review["review_digests"][pid] for pid in ids},
+        )
+
+    def test_classify_marks_deletable_and_archive_only_with_pair_counts(self):
+        cat, cat_negative, _pair = self.paired("Cat", "blur")
+        self.db.save_prompt_pair("Cat", "grain")
+        archived_pair = self.db.save_prompt_pair("Cat", "noise")
+        self.db.archive_prompt_pair(archived_pair, True)
+        shared = save(self.db, "Shared")
+        self.image(shared, "shared.png")
+        self.db.save_prompt_pair("Dog", "Shared")  # used as another positive's negative
+        review = self.classify([cat, shared])
+        self.assertEqual(review["archive"], [cat, shared])
+        self.assertEqual(review["deletable"], [cat])
+        self.assertEqual(list(review["review_digests"]), [cat])
+        self.assertRegex(review["review_digests"][cat], r"^[0-9a-f]{64}$")
+        self.assertEqual(
+            review["paired_counts"],
+            {"pairs": 3, "archived_pairs": 1, "variants": 3, "kept_negatives": 3},
+        )
+        self.assertEqual(review["paired_image_links"], 0)
+
+    def test_an_empty_negative_pair_is_deleted_with_its_prompt(self):
+        # Live prompt 7896: an auto-created pair with an explicitly empty negative.
+        pair = self.db.save_prompt_pair("été", "")
+        prompt = self.db.get_prompt_pair(pair)["positive_prompt_id"]
+        review = self.classify([prompt])
+        self.assertEqual(review["deletable"], [prompt])
+        self.assertEqual(
+            review["paired_counts"],
+            {"pairs": 1, "archived_pairs": 0, "variants": 0, "kept_negatives": 0},
+        )
+        result = self.delete_paired([prompt], review)
+        self.assertEqual((result["deleted"], result["archived"]), (1, 0))
+        self.assertEqual(result["pairs_removed"], 1)
+        self.assertNotIn(prompt, prompt_ids(self.db))
+        self.assertEqual(self.pair_rows(prompt), [])
+        self.assertEqual(rows(self.db, "PRAGMA foreign_key_check"), [])
+
+    def test_rows_removed_are_the_legacy_pair_deletes_then_the_prompt_delete(self):
+        twin = PromptDatabase(str(self.root / "twin.db"))
+        self.addCleanup(twin.close_all)
+        twin_epoch = twin.get_library_options()["library_epoch"]
+        made = {}
+        for db in (self.db, twin):
+            plain = db.save_prompt_pair("Owl", "", tags=["night"], title="Owl")
+            with_negative = db.save_prompt_pair("Owl", "dark", rating=4)
+            hidden = db.save_prompt_pair("Owl", "fog")
+            db.archive_prompt_pair(hidden, True)
+            owl = db.get_prompt_pair(plain)["positive_prompt_id"]
+            path = self.root / "owl.png"
+            path.write_bytes(b"png")
+            image = db.link_image_to_prompt(owl, str(path), {"workflow": {"nodes": []}})
+            db.link_image_to_pair(with_negative, image, {"resolver_version": 1})
+            save(db, "Bystander", tags=["night"])
+            made[id(db)] = (owl, [plain, with_negative, hidden])
+        owl, pairs = made[id(self.db)]
+        review = self.classify([owl])
+        self.delete_paired([owl], review)
+        twin_owl, twin_pairs = made[id(twin)]
+        with twin.model.get_connection() as conn:
+            conn.execute(
+                "DELETE FROM image_prompt_pairs WHERE pair_id IN (SELECT id FROM "
+                "prompt_pairs WHERE positive_prompt_id=?)",
+                (twin_owl,),
+            )
+            conn.commit()
+        for pair in twin_pairs:
+            self.assertTrue(twin.delete_prompt_pair(pair))
+        twin.archive_or_delete_library_prompts(
+            [], [twin_owl], expected_epoch=twin_epoch, candidates=None
+        )
+        self.assertEqual(table_dump(self.db), table_dump(twin))
+        # The negatives stay, and the image file stays on disk.
+        self.assertTrue((self.root / "owl.png").exists())
+        texts = [row[0] for row in rows(self.db, "SELECT text FROM prompts")]
+        self.assertTrue({"dark", "fog", "Bystander"} <= set(texts))
+
+    def test_a_negative_used_by_another_positive_is_archived_never_deleted(self):
+        shared = save(self.db, "Shared")
+        self.image(shared, "s.png")
+        self.db.save_prompt_pair("Dog", "Shared")
+        review = self.classify([shared])
+        self.assertEqual(review["deletable"], [])
+        result = self.db.archive_or_delete_library_prompts(
+            [shared],
+            [],
+            expected_epoch=self.epoch,
+            candidates={},
+            delete_paired={shared: "0" * 64},
+        )
+        self.assertEqual((result["deleted"], result["archived"]), (0, 1))
+        self.assertEqual(result["changed"], 1)
+        self.assertEqual(archived_ids(self.db), [shared])
+
+    def test_a_positive_and_its_own_negative_selected_together(self):
+        cat, blur, _pair = self.paired("Cat", "blur")
+        self.image(blur, "blur.png")  # the negative is a Library prompt too
+        review = self.classify([cat, blur])
+        self.assertEqual(review["deletable"], [cat])
+        result = self.delete_paired([cat], review)
+        self.assertEqual((result["deleted"], result["archived"]), (1, 1))
+        self.assertEqual(archived_ids(self.db), [blur])
+        self.assertNotIn(cat, prompt_ids(self.db))
+
+    def test_a_self_pair_is_deleted(self):
+        pair = self.db.save_prompt_pair("Same", "Same")
+        same = self.db.get_prompt_pair(pair)["positive_prompt_id"]
+        review = self.classify([same])
+        self.assertEqual(review["deletable"], [same])
+        self.assertEqual(review["paired_counts"]["kept_negatives"], 0)
+        self.assertEqual(self.delete_paired([same], review)["deleted"], 1)
+        self.assertNotIn(same, prompt_ids(self.db))
+
+    def test_drift_after_the_review_archives_and_counts_changed(self):
+        cases = {
+            "pair added": lambda p: self.db.save_prompt_pair("Fox", "new"),
+            "pair edited": lambda p: self.db.update_prompt_pair_metadata(
+                self.pair_rows(p)[0][0], title="Renamed"
+            ),
+            "pairs gone": lambda p: self.db.delete_prompt_pair(self.pair_rows(p)[0][0]),
+            "now another's negative": lambda p: self.db.save_prompt_pair("Hen", "Fox"),
+        }
+        for name, change in cases.items():
+            with self.subTest(name):
+                fox, _neg, _pair = self.paired("Fox", "mist " + name)
+                review = self.classify([fox])
+                self.assertEqual(review["deletable"], [fox])
+                change(fox)
+                result = self.delete_paired([fox], review)
+                self.assertEqual(
+                    (result["deleted"], result["archived"], result["changed"]),
+                    (0, 1, 1),
+                )
+                self.assertIn(fox, archived_ids(self.db))
+                self.restore([fox])
+                with self.db.model.get_connection() as conn:
+                    conn.execute(
+                        "DELETE FROM prompt_pairs WHERE positive_prompt_id IN "
+                        "(SELECT id FROM prompts WHERE text IN ('Hen','Fox'))"
+                    )
+                    conn.commit()
+
+    def test_delete_paired_must_name_reviewed_archive_ids(self):
+        fox, _neg, _pair = self.paired("Fox")
+        review = self.classify([fox])
+        with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
+            self.db.archive_or_delete_library_prompts(
+                [],
+                [],
+                expected_epoch=self.epoch,
+                candidates={},
+                delete_paired={fox: review["review_digests"][fox]},
+            )
+        with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
+            self.db.archive_or_delete_library_prompts(
+                [fox],
+                [],
+                expected_epoch=self.epoch,
+                candidates={},
+                delete_paired={fox: "not a digest"},
+            )
@@ -320,19 +320,86 @@ class TestFileCheck(ImageDeleteTestCase):
            self.assertIn(code, image_delete.REASONS)


+class TestMacOSOutcomes(ImageDeleteTestCase):
+    """The codes and the unconfirmed outcome the macOS backend adds (#499)."""
+
+    async def test_permission_and_cloud_refusals_show_their_sentences(self):
+        self.write("a.png", b"aaa")
+        self.write("b.png", b"bbb")
+        self.fake.refuse[str(self.output_dir / "a.png")] = "no-permission"
+        self.fake.refuse[str(self.output_dir / "b.png")] = "cloud-sync"
+        plan = await self.review(["a.png", "b.png"])
+        self.assertEqual(plan["trash"], {"count": 0})
+        self.assertEqual(
+            plan["trash_refused"]["counts"], {"no-permission": 1, "cloud-sync": 1}
+        )
+        details = {row["detail"] for row in plan["trash_refused"]["rows"]}
+        self.assertEqual(
+            details,
+            {image_delete.REASONS["no-permission"], image_delete.REASONS["cloud-sync"]},
+        )
+
+    async def test_an_unconfirmed_move_keeps_records_and_stops_the_job(self):
+        from utils import trash
+
+        self.write("a.png", b"aaa", mtime=1_000_000)
+        self.write("b.png", b"bbb", mtime=2_000_000)
+        self.link("a.png")
+        original = self.fake.move
+
+        def move(path, roots):
+            if path.endswith("a.png"):
+                original(path, roots)  # the file did leave its folder
+                raise trash.TrashUnconfirmed("resultingItemURL=None")
+            return original(path, roots)
+
+        self.fake.move = move
+        _plan, job = await self.delete(["a.png", "b.png"], "trash")
+        self.assertEqual(job.state, "failed")
+        self.assertEqual(job.scope.get("failure"), "records-failed")
+        self.assertEqual(
+            self.details(job, "errors"), [image_delete.REASONS["trash-unconfirmed"]]
+        )
+        self.assertEqual(self.count("SELECT COUNT(*) FROM generated_images"), 1)
+        self.assertEqual(
+            self.details(job, "not_changed"), [image_delete.REASONS["not-attempted"]]
+        )
+        self.assertTrue((self.output_dir / "b.png").exists())
+
+    async def test_a_refusal_detail_is_logged(self):
+        from utils import trash
+
+        self.write("a.png", b"aaa")
+
+        def move(path, roots):
+            raise trash.TrashRefused("no-permission", "NSCocoaErrorDomain 513")
+
+        self.fake.move = move
+        with self.assertLogs("prompt_manager.api", level="INFO") as logs:
+            _plan, job = await self.delete(["a.png"], "trash")
+        self.assertEqual(
+            self.details(job, "not_changed"), [image_delete.REASONS["no-permission"]]
+        )
+        self.assertTrue(any("NSCocoaErrorDomain 513" in line for line in logs.output))
+        self.assertTrue((self.output_dir / "a.png").exists())
+
+
 class TestNativeBackend(ImageDeleteTestCase):
-    """The real backend of this OS: Windows and macOS have no trash yet (#480)."""
+    """The real backend of this OS: Windows has no trash yet (#500).
+
+    Only library mode is applied, so even on macOS and Linux no file reaches
+    a real trash.
+    """

    async def test_library_only_works_and_the_trash_is_unavailable_here(self):
        fake_trash.uninstall()
        self.write("a.png", b"aaa")
        self.link("a.png")
        plan = await self.review(["a.png"])
-        native_trash = sys.platform not in ("win32", "darwin")
+        native_trash = sys.platform != "win32"
        if not native_trash:
            self.assertEqual(plan["trash"], {"count": 0})
-            code = "windows-recycle" if sys.platform == "win32" else "no-trash"
-            self.assertEqual(plan["trash_refused"]["counts"], {code: 1})
+            self.assertEqual(plan["trash_refused"]["counts"], {"windows-recycle": 1})
        body = await self.post(APPLY, {"token": plan["token"], "mode": "library"}, 202)
        job = self.api._jobs.get(body["job"]["id"])
        await asyncio.wait_for(asyncio.shield(job.task), DISK_BOUND_SECONDS)
@@ -130,8 +130,13 @@ class TestLibraryDeleteRoutes(LibraryDeleteRouteCase):
    async def test_archive_only_takes_no_backup(self):
        self.policy(True)
        positive = self.paired("Cat")
+        shared = self.save("Shared")
+        self.api.db.save_prompt_pair("Dog", "Shared")  # archive-only (#482)
+        self.api.db.link_image_to_prompt(shared, "/tmp/shared-443.png")
+        # Nothing could be deleted: no disk plan. (#482: a deletable prompt has one.)
+        self.assertIsNone((await self.review([shared]))["disk"])
        review = await self.review([positive])
-        self.assertIsNone(review["disk"])
+        self.assertIsNotNone(review["disk"])
        status, body = await self.confirm(review)
        self.assertEqual((status, body["archived"], body["backup"]), (200, 1, None))
        self.assertEqual(self.backups(), [])
@@ -309,6 +314,94 @@ class TestLibraryDeleteRoutes(LibraryDeleteRouteCase):
        self.assertEqual(response.status, 400)


+class TestPairedDeleteRoutes(LibraryDeleteRouteCase):
+    """#482 (D160): Delete permanently with a prompt's own saved pairs."""
+
+    async def confirm_paired(self, review, ids, backup=None, digests=None):
+        return await self.post(
+            DELETE,
+            {
+                "archive_ids": review["archive"],
+                "delete_ids": review["delete"],
+                "expected_epoch": review["library_epoch"],
+                "backup": backup or review["backup"],
+                "delete_paired_ids": ids,
+                "paired_digests": digests
+                or {str(pid): review["review_digests"][str(pid)] for pid in ids},
+            },
+        )
+
+    async def test_preview_reports_deletable_and_a_paired_only_delete_backs_up(self):
+        self.policy(True)
+        cat = self.paired("Cat")
+        shared = self.save("Shared")
+        self.api.db.save_prompt_pair("Dog", "Shared")
+        self.api.db.link_image_to_prompt(shared, "/tmp/shared-482.png")
+        review = await self.review([cat, shared])
+        self.assertEqual(review["archive"], [cat, shared])
+        self.assertEqual(review["deletable"], [cat])
+        self.assertEqual(list(review["review_digests"]), [str(cat)])
+        self.assertEqual(
+            review["paired_counts"],
+            {"pairs": 1, "archived_pairs": 0, "variants": 1, "kept_negatives": 1},
+        )
+        self.assertEqual(review["paired_image_links"], 0)
+        # A selection with nothing in the delete class still checks the disk.
+        self.assertTrue(review["disk"]["sufficient"])
+        status, body = await self.confirm_paired(review, [cat])
+        self.assertEqual(status, 200, body)
+        self.assertEqual(
+            (body["deleted"], body["archived"], body["pairs_removed"]), (1, 1, 1)
+        )
+        self.assertEqual(self.backups(), [body["backup"]])
+        self.assertNotIn(cat, self.ids())
+        self.assertEqual(self.archived(), [shared])
+
+    async def test_a_body_without_the_new_keys_is_the_443_delete(self):
+        cat = self.paired("Cat")
+        review = await self.review([cat])
+        status, body = await self.confirm(review)
+        self.assertEqual(status, 200, body)
+        self.assertEqual((body["deleted"], body["archived"]), (0, 1))
+        self.assertIn(cat, self.ids())
+
+    async def test_paired_bodies_are_validated(self):
+        cat = self.paired("Cat")
+        plain = self.save("Plain")
+        review = await self.review([cat, plain])
+        digest = review["review_digests"][str(cat)]
+        base = {
+            "archive_ids": review["archive"],
+            "delete_ids": review["delete"],
+            "expected_epoch": review["library_epoch"],
+            "backup": "off",
+        }
+        cases = [
+            {"delete_paired_ids": [cat]},  # without its digests
+            {"delete_paired_ids": [plain], "paired_digests": {str(plain): digest}},
+            {"delete_paired_ids": [cat], "paired_digests": {}},
+            {"delete_paired_ids": [cat], "paired_digests": {str(cat): "x"}},
+            {"delete_paired_ids": "all", "paired_digests": {}},
+        ]
+        for extra in cases:
+            with self.subTest(extra=extra):
+                status, body = await self.post(DELETE, {**base, **extra})
+                self.assertEqual((status, body["code"]), (400, "invalid-request"))
+        self.assertIn(cat, self.ids())
+
+    async def test_a_short_disk_refuses_a_paired_only_delete(self):
+        self.policy(True)
+        cat = self.paired("Cat")
+        from py.api import maintenance
+
+        with patch.object(maintenance, "_free_bytes", return_value=0):
+            review = await self.review([cat])
+            self.assertFalse(review["disk"]["sufficient"])
+            status, body = await self.confirm_paired(review, [cat])
+        self.assertEqual((status, body["code"]), (507, "insufficient-space"))
+        self.assertIn(cat, self.ids())
+
+
 class TestIngestionAfterArchive(LibraryDeleteRouteCase):
    def scan(self, name, positive, negative="blur"):
        meta = {"prompt": json.dumps(graph(positive, negative))}
@@ -490,16 +490,25 @@ class TestThumbnailJob(ThumbnailJobCase):
        real_write = images_module._write_image_thumbnail
        job_ids = []
        written = []
+        # #504: the worker can write its first preview before the response
+        # carrying the job id is read. The first write waits until the test
+        # has stored the id, so the cancel always lands after exactly one write.
+        first_written, id_stored = threading.Event(), threading.Event()
+        self.addCleanup(id_stored.set)

        def counting(src, dst, *args, **kwargs):
            real_write(src, dst, *args, **kwargs)
            written.append(dst)
            if len(written) == 1:
+                first_written.set()
+                id_stored.wait(10)
                self.api._jobs.cancel(job_ids[0])

        with patch.object(images_module, "_write_image_thumbnail", counting):
            _, body = await self._start()
+            await self._wait(first_written)
            job_ids.append(body["job"]["id"])
+            id_stored.set()
            job = await self._finished(body["job"]["id"])
        self.assertEqual(job.state, "cancelled")
        self.assertEqual(job.status_line, "Cancelled · 1 preview written")
@@ -277,12 +277,13 @@ class UnavailableBackendTests(unittest.TestCase):
            self.assertEqual(caught.exception.code, trash.NO_TRASH)
            self.assertTrue(os.path.exists(path))

-    def test_windows_and_macos_have_no_trash_yet(self):
-        for platform in ("win32", "darwin"):
-            with self.subTest(platform=platform):
-                self.assertIsInstance(
-                    trash.default_backend(platform), trash.UnavailableBackend
-                )
+    def test_each_platform_gets_its_backend(self):
+        from utils import trash_macos
+
+        self.assertIsInstance(trash.default_backend("win32"), trash.UnavailableBackend)
+        self.assertIsInstance(
+            trash.default_backend("darwin"), trash_macos.MacTrashBackend
+        )
        self.assertIsInstance(trash.default_backend("linux"), trash.FreedesktopBackend)

    def test_windows_says_why_the_recycle_bin_is_not_used(self):
@@ -295,9 +296,6 @@ class UnavailableBackendTests(unittest.TestCase):
            backend.move("C:/x/a.png", ["C:/x"])
        self.assertEqual(caught.exception.code, trash.WINDOWS_RECYCLE)
        self.assertIn(trash.WINDOWS_RECYCLE, trash.CODES)
-        self.assertEqual(
-            trash.default_backend("darwin").available("/x", ["/"]), trash.NO_TRASH
-        )

    def test_module_functions_use_the_replaceable_backend(self):
        fake = mock.Mock()
@@ -0,0 +1,360 @@
+"""The macOS trash backend's decisions (#499), with a fake Foundation bridge.
+
+No Objective-C is involved: the bridge is faked, ``uid``/``home``/``lstat``/
+``access`` are injected, and the only real files are temp files used for the
+"source still exists" and output-root identity checks. Runs on every OS.
+"""
+
+import os
+import shutil
+import stat
+import sys
+import tempfile
+import unittest
+from types import SimpleNamespace
+from unittest import mock
+
+sys.path.insert(0, os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__))))
+
+from utils import trash, trash_macos  # noqa: E402
+from utils.trash_macos import Facts, MacTrashBackend, NSErr  # noqa: E402
+
+LOCAL = Facts(local=True, read_only=False, root_fs=True, volume="/", ubiquitous=False)
+COCOA = "NSCocoaErrorDomain"
+NO_TRASH_DIR = NSErr(COCOA, 3328, "NSPOSIXErrorDomain", 2)
+
+
+class FakeBridge:
+    """The §6.3 bridge with canned answers; ``trash`` moves nothing by default."""
+
+    def __init__(self, facts=LOCAL, trash_dir=("/Users/me/.Trash", None), result=None):
+        self.facts_value = facts
+        self.trash_dir_value = trash_dir
+        self.result = result or (True, None, None)
+        self.calls = []
+
+    def facts(self, path):
+        self.calls.append(("facts", path))
+        return self.facts_value
+
+    def trash_dir(self, path):
+        self.calls.append(("trash_dir", path))
+        return self.trash_dir_value
+
+    def trash(self, path):
+        self.calls.append(("trash", path))
+        result = self.result
+        return result(path) if callable(result) else result
+
+
+def _stat(mode=stat.S_IFREG | 0o644, uid=501, flags=0):
+    return SimpleNamespace(st_mode=mode, st_uid=uid, st_flags=flags)
+
+
+class MacBackendTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
+    def setUp(self):
+        # realpath: the backend resolves paths (/var -> /private/var on macOS, 8.3
+        # short names on Windows), so the lstat fakes must use the same spelling.
+        self.tmp = os.path.realpath(tempfile.mkdtemp(prefix="pm-mac-trash-"))
+        self.addCleanup(shutil.rmtree, self.tmp, True)
+        self.home = os.path.join(self.tmp, "home")
+        self.root = os.path.join(self.tmp, "output")
+        os.makedirs(os.path.join(self.home, ".Trash"))
+        os.makedirs(self.root)
+        self.file = os.path.join(self.root, "a.png")
+        with open(self.file, "wb") as handle:
+            handle.write(b"png")
+        self.home_trash = os.path.join(self.home, ".Trash")
+        self.stats = {}
+        self.access_ok = True
+
+    def _lstat(self, path):
+        if path in self.stats:
+            value = self.stats[path]
+            if isinstance(value, Exception):
+                raise value
+            return value
+        return os.lstat(path)
+
+    def backend(self, **bridge_args):
+        bridge_args.setdefault("trash_dir", (self.home_trash, None))
+        self.bridge = FakeBridge(**bridge_args)
+        return MacTrashBackend(
+            bridge=self.bridge,
+            uid=501,
+            home=self.home,
+            lstat=self._lstat,
+            access=lambda path, mode: self.access_ok,
+        )
+
+    def moved_to(self, destination):
+        """A ``trash`` result that really renames the file to *destination*."""
+
+        def run(path):
+            os.makedirs(os.path.dirname(destination), exist_ok=True)
+            os.rename(path, destination)
+            return True, destination, None
+
+        return run
+
+    def assert_refused(self, backend, code):
+        self.assertEqual(backend.available(self.file, [self.root]), code)
+        with self.assertRaises(trash.TrashRefused) as caught:
+            backend.move(self.file, [self.root])
+        self.assertEqual(caught.exception.code, code)
+        self.assertNotIn("trash", [name for name, _ in self.bridge.calls])
+        self.assertTrue(os.path.exists(self.file))
+        return caught.exception
+
+
+class AvailableOrderTests(MacBackendTestCase):
+    def test_a_writable_local_file_is_available(self):
+        self.assertIsNone(self.backend().available(self.file, [self.root]))
+
+    def test_network_volume_is_refused_without_trying(self):
+        facts = Facts(False, False, False, "/Volumes/nas", False)
+        self.assert_refused(self.backend(facts=facts), trash.NETWORK)
+
+    def test_unknown_locality_counts_as_network(self):
+        facts = Facts(None, False, True, "/", False)
+        self.assert_refused(self.backend(facts=facts), trash.NETWORK)
+
+    def test_read_only_volume_or_unknown_is_no_trash(self):
+        for read_only in (True, None):
+            with self.subTest(read_only=read_only):
+                facts = Facts(True, read_only, False, "/Volumes/ro", False)
+                self.assert_refused(self.backend(facts=facts), trash.NO_TRASH)
+
+    def test_ubiquitous_item_is_cloud_sync(self):
+        facts = Facts(True, False, True, "/", True)
+        self.assert_refused(self.backend(facts=facts), trash.CLOUD_SYNC)
+
+    def test_icloud_and_file_provider_folders_are_cloud_sync(self):
+        for parts in (("Library", "Mobile Documents"), ("Library", "CloudStorage")):
+            with self.subTest(parts=parts):
+                folder = os.path.join(self.home, *parts, "Box")
+                os.makedirs(folder)
+                path = os.path.join(folder, "b.png")
+                with open(path, "wb") as handle:
+                    handle.write(b"x")
+                backend = self.backend()
+                self.assertEqual(backend.available(path, [folder]), trash.CLOUD_SYNC)
+                with self.assertRaises(trash.TrashRefused):
+                    backend.move(path, [folder])
+                self.assertTrue(os.path.exists(path))
+
+    def test_found_trash_folder_inside_an_output_root_is_trash_in_root(self):
+        self.assertEqual(
+            self.backend().available(self.file, [self.home]), trash.TRASH_IN_ROOT
+        )
+
+    def test_trash_dir_error_other_than_missing_is_no_trash(self):
+        backend = self.backend(
+            trash_dir=(None, NSErr(COCOA, 3328, "NSPOSIXErrorDomain", 30))
+        )
+        self.assert_refused(backend, trash.NO_TRASH)
+
+    def test_missing_trash_on_the_startup_volume_is_no_trash(self):
+        self.assert_refused(
+            self.backend(trash_dir=(None, NO_TRASH_DIR)), trash.NO_TRASH
+        )
+
+
+class FreshVolumeTests(MacBackendTestCase):
+    def setUp(self):
+        super().setUp()
+        self.volume = os.path.join(self.tmp, "vol")
+        self.root = os.path.join(self.volume, "output")
+        os.makedirs(self.root)
+        self.file = os.path.join(self.root, "a.png")
+        with open(self.file, "wb") as handle:
+            handle.write(b"png")
+        self.facts = Facts(True, False, False, self.volume, False)
+
+    def test_missing_volume_trash_is_predicted(self):
+        backend = self.backend(facts=self.facts, trash_dir=(None, NO_TRASH_DIR))
+        self.assertIsNone(backend.available(self.file, [self.root]))
+
+    def test_prediction_refused_when_trashes_is_a_link(self):
+        os.symlink(self.tmp, os.path.join(self.volume, ".Trashes"))
+        backend = self.backend(facts=self.facts, trash_dir=(None, NO_TRASH_DIR))
+        self.assert_refused(backend, trash.NO_TRASH)
+
+    def test_predicted_trash_inside_the_volume_root_is_trash_in_root(self):
+        backend = self.backend(facts=self.facts, trash_dir=(None, NO_TRASH_DIR))
+        self.assert_refused_root = backend.available(self.file, [self.volume])
+        self.assertEqual(self.assert_refused_root, trash.TRASH_IN_ROOT)
+
+    def test_move_to_a_predicted_trash_returns_the_volume_label(self):
+        destination = os.path.join(self.volume, ".Trashes", "501", "a.png")
+        backend = self.backend(
+            facts=self.facts,
+            trash_dir=(None, NO_TRASH_DIR),
+            result=self.moved_to(destination),
+        )
+        self.assertEqual(
+            backend.move(self.file, [self.root]), ".Trashes/501 on its drive"
+        )
+        self.assertFalse(os.path.exists(self.file))
+
+
+class PermissionTests(MacBackendTestCase):
+    def test_parent_not_writable_is_no_permission(self):
+        self.access_ok = False
+        self.assert_refused(self.backend(), trash.NO_PERMISSION)
+
+    def test_immutable_or_append_flags_on_file_or_parent(self):
+        for flag in ("UF_IMMUTABLE", "SF_IMMUTABLE", "UF_APPEND", "SF_APPEND"):
+            for target in (self.file, self.root):
+                with self.subTest(flag=flag, target=target):
+                    mode = (
+                        stat.S_IFDIR | 0o755
+                        if target == self.root
+                        else stat.S_IFREG | 0o644
+                    )
+                    self.stats = {target: _stat(mode=mode, flags=getattr(stat, flag))}
+                    self.assert_refused(self.backend(), trash.NO_PERMISSION)
+
+    def test_sticky_parent_and_foreign_owner(self):
+        self.stats = {
+            self.root: _stat(mode=stat.S_IFDIR | 0o1777),
+            self.file: _stat(uid=502),
+        }
+        self.assert_refused(self.backend(), trash.NO_PERMISSION)
+
+    def test_sticky_parent_with_own_file_is_allowed(self):
+        self.stats = {self.root: _stat(mode=stat.S_IFDIR | 0o1777), self.file: _stat()}
+        self.assertIsNone(self.backend().available(self.file, [self.root]))
+
+
+class MoveOutcomeTests(MacBackendTestCase):
+    def test_success_into_the_home_trash(self):
+        destination = os.path.join(self.home_trash, "a.png")
+        backend = self.backend(result=self.moved_to(destination))
+        self.assertEqual(backend.move(self.file, [self.root]), trash.HOME_TRASH_LABEL)
+        self.assertTrue(os.path.exists(destination))
+
+    def test_cocoa_errors_map_to_codes_with_detail(self):
+        cases = {
+            3328: trash.NO_TRASH,
+            642: trash.NO_TRASH,
+            513: trash.NO_PERMISSION,
+            257: trash.NO_PERMISSION,
+            4: trash.FAILED,
+            640: trash.FAILED,
+        }
+        for code, expected in cases.items():
+            with self.subTest(code=code):
+                error = NSErr(COCOA, code, "NSOSStatusErrorDomain", -5000)
+                backend = self.backend(result=(False, None, error))
+                with self.assertRaises(trash.TrashRefused) as caught:
+                    backend.move(self.file, [self.root])
+                self.assertEqual(caught.exception.code, expected)
+                self.assertEqual(
+                    caught.exception.detail,
+                    f"NSCocoaErrorDomain {code} (NSOSStatusErrorDomain -5000)",
+                )
+                self.assertTrue(os.path.exists(self.file))
+
+    def test_other_domain_or_missing_error_is_failed(self):
+        for error in (NSErr("NSPOSIXErrorDomain", 13), None):
+            with self.subTest(error=error):
+                backend = self.backend(result=(False, None, error))
+                with self.assertRaises(trash.TrashRefused) as caught:
+                    backend.move(self.file, [self.root])
+                self.assertEqual(caught.exception.code, trash.FAILED)
+
+    def test_yes_with_the_source_still_present_is_failed(self):
+        backend = self.backend(
+            result=(True, os.path.join(self.home_trash, "a.png"), None)
+        )
+        with self.assertRaises(trash.TrashRefused) as caught:
+            backend.move(self.file, [self.root])
+        self.assertEqual(caught.exception.code, trash.FAILED)
+        self.assertTrue(os.path.exists(self.file))
+
+    def test_yes_with_no_result_path_is_unconfirmed(self):
+        def vanished(path):
+            os.rename(path, os.path.join(self.tmp, "elsewhere.png"))
+            return True, None, None
+
+        backend = self.backend(result=vanished)
+        with self.assertRaises(trash.TrashUnconfirmed):
+            backend.move(self.file, [self.root])
+
+    def test_yes_into_an_output_root_is_unconfirmed(self):
+        backend = self.backend(
+            result=self.moved_to(os.path.join(self.root, "x", "a.png"))
+        )
+        with self.assertRaises(trash.TrashUnconfirmed):
+            backend.move(self.file, [self.root])
+
+    def test_yes_into_an_unplanned_folder_is_trashed_and_logged(self):
+        other = os.path.join(self.tmp, "other-trash", "a.png")
+        backend = self.backend(result=self.moved_to(other))
+        with self.assertLogs("prompt_manager.trash", level="WARNING") as logs:
+            label = backend.move(self.file, [self.root])
+        self.assertEqual(label, os.path.realpath(os.path.dirname(other)))
+        self.assertIn(other, "\n".join(logs.output))
+
+
+class IdentityTests(MacBackendTestCase):
+    @unittest.skipUnless(hasattr(os, "symlink") and os.name == "posix", "symlinks")
+    def test_root_given_through_a_symlink_still_contains_its_trash(self):
+        alias = os.path.join(self.tmp, "home-alias")
+        os.symlink(self.home, alias)
+        self.assertEqual(
+            self.backend().available(self.file, [alias]), trash.TRASH_IN_ROOT
+        )
+
+    def test_missing_roots_are_ignored(self):
+        missing = os.path.join(self.tmp, "nope")
+        self.assertIsNone(self.backend().available(self.file, [missing, self.root]))
+
+
+class LoadingTests(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_default_backend_for_darwin_does_not_load_the_bridge(self):
+        with mock.patch.object(trash_macos, "load_bridge") as loader:
+            backend = trash.default_backend("darwin")
+        self.assertIsInstance(backend, MacTrashBackend)
+        loader.assert_not_called()
+
+    def test_failed_load_answers_no_trash_and_is_cached_and_logged_once(self):
+        backend = MacTrashBackend(uid=501)
+        with (
+            mock.patch.object(
+                trash_macos, "load_bridge", side_effect=OSError("no Foundation")
+            ) as loader,
+            self.assertLogs("prompt_manager.trash", level="WARNING") as logs,
+        ):
+            self.assertEqual(backend.available("/x/a.png", ["/x"]), trash.NO_TRASH)
+            with self.assertRaises(trash.TrashRefused) as caught:
+                backend.move("/x/a.png", ["/x"])
+        self.assertEqual(caught.exception.code, trash.NO_TRASH)
+        self.assertEqual(loader.call_count, 1)
+        self.assertEqual(len(logs.output), 1)
+
+    def test_load_bridge_off_macos_raises(self):
+        if sys.platform == "darwin":
+            self.skipTest("the real bridge loads on macOS (native test covers it)")
+        with self.assertRaises(OSError):
+            trash_macos.load_bridge()
+
+
+class ErrorTextTests(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_detail_without_underlying(self):
+        self.assertEqual(
+            trash_macos.error_detail(NSErr(COCOA, 4)), "NSCocoaErrorDomain 4"
+        )
+        self.assertEqual(trash_macos.error_detail(None), "no NSError")
+
+    def test_refusal_keeps_detail(self):
+        refused = trash.TrashRefused(trash.FAILED, "why")
+        self.assertEqual(
+            (refused.code, refused.detail, str(refused)), ("failed", "why", "why")
+        )
+        self.assertEqual(trash.TrashRefused(trash.FAILED).detail, "")
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    unittest.main()
@@ -0,0 +1,238 @@
+"""Native proof of the macOS trash backend (#499 design §10.2).
+
+Runs only on macOS with ``PM_NATIVE_TRASH=macos`` (the ``native-trash`` job in
+portability.yml), because it puts files into the real Trash of the user
+running it. With the variable set, a bridge that cannot load fails the test
+rather than skipping it. Files moved into a trash folder are left there: the
+runner is disposable and this test never deletes from a trash folder.
+"""
+
+import os
+import subprocess
+import sys
+import tempfile
+import time
+import unittest
+
+sys.path.insert(0, os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__))))
+
+from utils import trash  # noqa: E402
+
+NATIVE = sys.platform == "darwin" and os.environ.get("PM_NATIVE_TRASH") == "macos"
+HDIUTIL_SECONDS = 60
+# Measured: macos-15-intel kept a fresh image busy after a trash (run 40954618922).
+DETACH_WAIT_SECONDS = 30
+
+
+class SpyBridge:
+    """The real bridge, recording every ``trash`` result."""
+
+    def __init__(self, real):
+        self.real = real
+        self.results = []
+
+    def facts(self, path):
+        return self.real.facts(path)
+
+    def trash_dir(self, path):
+        return self.real.trash_dir(path)
+
+    def trash(self, path):
+        result = self.real.trash(path)
+        self.results.append(result)
+        return result
+
+
+def _hdiutil(*args):
+    return subprocess.run(
+        ["hdiutil", *args], capture_output=True, text=True, timeout=HDIUTIL_SECONDS
+    )
+
+
+def _our_open_files(mount):
+    """Files this process holds open under *mount* (``lsof -p``): the handle proof."""
+    listed = subprocess.run(
+        ["lsof", "-Fn", "-p", str(os.getpid())],
+        capture_output=True,
+        text=True,
+        timeout=HDIUTIL_SECONDS,
+    )
+    prefix = os.path.realpath(mount) + os.sep
+    return [
+        line[1:]
+        for line in listed.stdout.splitlines()
+        if line.startswith("n") and os.path.realpath(line[1:]).startswith(prefix)
+    ]
+
+
+def _detach(mount):
+    """Detach *mount*; None on success, else why (after a forced detach).
+
+    This process must hold nothing under it. A volume macOS has just written a
+    trash folder to can stay busy for a moment (Spotlight, fseventsd), so the
+    plain detach is retried until the system releases it, within a bound.
+    """
+    ours = _our_open_files(mount)
+    if ours:
+        _hdiutil("detach", mount, "-force")
+        return f"this test still held files open under {mount}: {ours}"
+    deadline = time.monotonic() + DETACH_WAIT_SECONDS
+    while True:
+        if not os.path.ismount(mount):
+            return None  # a "busy" detach can still finish after it returns
+        done = _hdiutil("detach", mount)
+        if done.returncode == 0:
+            return None
+        if time.monotonic() > deadline:
+            holders = subprocess.run(
+                ["lsof", "+f", "--", mount],
+                capture_output=True,
+                text=True,
+                timeout=HDIUTIL_SECONDS,
+            ).stdout
+            _hdiutil("detach", mount, "-force")
+            return f"detach {mount}: {done.stderr.strip()}; held by: {holders!r}"
+        time.sleep(1)  # poll the volume's release (a state), never a fixed wait
+
+
+@unittest.skipUnless(NATIVE, "macOS native trash proof (PM_NATIVE_TRASH=macos)")
+class MacTrashNativeTests(unittest.TestCase):
+    def setUp(self):
+        from utils import trash_macos
+
+        self.trash_macos = trash_macos
+        self.spy = SpyBridge(trash_macos.load_bridge())  # fails, never skips
+        self.backend = trash_macos.MacTrashBackend(bridge=self.spy)
+        self._tmp = tempfile.TemporaryDirectory(prefix="pm-native-trash-")
+        self.tmp = os.path.realpath(self._tmp.name)
+        self._mounts = []
+        self._modes = []
+
+    def tearDown(self):
+        failures = []
+        try:
+            for path, mode in reversed(self._modes):
+                os.chmod(path, mode)
+            for mount in reversed(self._mounts):
+                problem = _detach(mount)
+                if problem:
+                    failures.append(problem)
+        finally:
+            self._tmp.cleanup()
+        self.assertEqual(failures, [])
+
+    def _file(self, folder, name="a.png", content=None):
+        os.makedirs(folder, exist_ok=True)
+        path = os.path.join(folder, name)
+        with open(path, "wb") as handle:
+            handle.write(content or os.urandom(64))
+        return path
+
+    def _image(self, name, fs="APFS"):
+        image = os.path.join(self.tmp, name + ".dmg")
+        mount = os.path.join(self.tmp, name + "-mnt")
+        os.makedirs(mount)
+        made = _hdiutil("create", "-size", "40m", "-fs", fs, "-volname", name, image)
+        self.assertEqual(made.returncode, 0, made.stderr)
+        attached = _hdiutil("attach", image, "-nobrowse", "-mountpoint", mount)
+        self.assertEqual(attached.returncode, 0, attached.stderr)
+        self._mounts.append(mount)
+        return image, mount
+
+    def _assert_trashed(self, source, content, info, folder):
+        self.assertFalse(os.path.lexists(source))
+        ok, resulting, error = self.spy.results[-1]
+        self.assertTrue(ok, error)
+        self.assertEqual(os.path.realpath(os.path.dirname(resulting)), folder)
+        moved = os.lstat(resulting)
+        self.assertEqual((moved.st_dev, moved.st_ino), (info.st_dev, info.st_ino))
+        with open(resulting, "rb") as handle:
+            self.assertEqual(handle.read(), content)
+        return resulting
+
+    def _assert_kept(self, path, content):
+        with open(path, "rb") as handle:
+            self.assertEqual(handle.read(), content)
+
+    def _assert_refused(self, path, roots, code):
+        with open(path, "rb") as handle:
+            content = handle.read()
+        self.assertEqual(self.backend.available(path, roots), code)
+        with self.assertRaises(trash.TrashRefused) as caught:
+            self.backend.move(path, roots)
+        self.assertEqual(caught.exception.code, code)
+        self._assert_kept(path, content)
+
+    def test_n1_startup_volume_goes_to_the_home_trash(self):
+        root = os.path.join(self.tmp, "output")
+        source = self._file(root)
+        with open(source, "rb") as handle:
+            content = handle.read()
+        info = os.lstat(source)
+        self.assertIsNone(self.backend.available(source, [root]))
+        self.assertEqual(self.backend.move(source, [root]), trash.HOME_TRASH_LABEL)
+        home_trash = os.path.realpath(os.path.expanduser("~/.Trash"))
+        self._assert_trashed(source, content, info, home_trash)
+
+    def test_n2_a_name_clash_never_replaces(self):
+        first_root = os.path.join(self.tmp, "one")
+        second_root = os.path.join(self.tmp, "two")
+        first = self._file(first_root, "same.png", b"first")
+        second = self._file(second_root, "same.png", b"second")
+        self.backend.move(first, [first_root])
+        self.backend.move(second, [second_root])
+        (_, one, _), (_, two, _) = self.spy.results
+        self.assertNotEqual(one, two)
+        self._assert_kept(one, b"first")
+        self._assert_kept(two, b"second")
+
+    def test_n3_fresh_external_volume_uses_its_own_trash(self):
+        for fs in ("APFS", "MS-DOS FAT32"):
+            with self.subTest(fs=fs):
+                _image, mount = self._image("fresh" + fs.split()[0], fs)
+                root = os.path.join(mount, "output")
+                source = self._file(root)
+                with open(source, "rb") as handle:
+                    content = handle.read()
+                info = os.lstat(source)
+                self.assertFalse(os.path.lexists(os.path.join(mount, ".Trashes")))
+                self.assertIsNone(self.backend.available(source, [root]))
+                label = self.backend.move(source, [root])
+                uid = str(os.getuid())
+                self.assertEqual(label, f".Trashes/{uid} on its drive")
+                folder = os.path.realpath(os.path.join(mount, ".Trashes", uid))
+                self._assert_trashed(source, content, info, folder)
+
+    def test_n4_volume_root_as_output_root_is_trash_in_root(self):
+        _image, mount = self._image("rooted")
+        source = self._file(os.path.join(mount, "output"))
+        self._assert_refused(source, [mount], trash.TRASH_IN_ROOT)
+        self.assertEqual(self.spy.results, [])
+
+    def test_n5_read_only_volume_is_no_trash(self):
+        image, mount = self._image("readonly")
+        source = self._file(mount, "ro.png", b"read-only bytes")
+        self.assertIsNone(_detach(mount))
+        self._mounts.remove(mount)
+        attached = _hdiutil(
+            "attach", image, "-nobrowse", "-readonly", "-mountpoint", mount
+        )
+        self.assertEqual(attached.returncode, 0, attached.stderr)
+        self._mounts.append(mount)
+        self._assert_refused(source, [os.path.join(mount, "output")], trash.NO_TRASH)
+
+    def test_n6_unwritable_folder_is_no_permission_and_macos_agrees(self):
+        root = os.path.join(self.tmp, "locked")
+        source = self._file(root, "p.png", b"kept")
+        self._modes.append((root, 0o755))
+        os.chmod(root, 0o555)
+        self._assert_refused(source, [self.tmp], trash.NO_PERMISSION)
+        self.assertEqual(self.spy.results, [])
+        ok, _resulting, error = self.spy.real.trash(source)
+        self.assertFalse(ok)
+        self.assertEqual((error.domain, error.code), ("NSCocoaErrorDomain", 513))
+        self._assert_kept(source, b"kept")
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    unittest.main()
@@ -0,0 +1,127 @@
+import test from 'node:test';
+import assert from 'node:assert/strict';
+import { mkdtempSync, readFileSync, rmSync } from 'node:fs';
+import { tmpdir } from 'node:os';
+import { join } from 'node:path';
+import { attachBrowserLogs, BROWSER_EXIT_PREFIX, createBrowserLogRecorder, isAbnormalExit, isTargetGone, parseExitLine,
+    playwrightDebug } from '../../tools/vendor/browser-logs.mjs';
+
+const debug = playwrightDebug();
+
+/** Runs `body` with DEBUG set to `namespaces` and restores the caller's setting afterwards. */
+function withDebug(namespaces, body) {
+    const saved = debug.disable();
+    const savedLog = debug.log;
+    if (namespaces) debug.enable(namespaces);
+    try {
+        return body();
+    } finally {
+        debug.log = savedLog;
+        debug.disable();
+        if (saved) debug.enable(saved);
+    }
+}
+
+const outputDir = mkdtempSync(join(tmpdir(), 'pm-browser-logs-'));
+test.after(() => rmSync(outputDir, { recursive: true, force: true }));
+
+function testInfo({ status = 'failed', errors = [] } = {}) {
+    const attachments = [];
+    const dir = mkdtempSync(join(outputDir, 'test-'));
+    return { status, expectedStatus: 'passed', errors, attachments, outputPath: name => join(dir, name),
+        attach: async (name, options) => { attachments.push({ name, ...options }); } };
+}
+
+test('parses the exit line Playwright logs for a browser process', () => {
+    assert.deepEqual(parseExitLine('[pid=7124] <process did exit: exitCode=null, signal=SIGKILL> +21ms'),
+        { pid: 7124, exitCode: null, signal: 'SIGKILL' });
+    assert.deepEqual(parseExitLine('[pid=9] <process did exit: exitCode=0, signal=null>'), { pid: 9, exitCode: 0, signal: null });
+    assert.deepEqual(parseExitLine('[pid=9] <process did exit: exitCode=11, signal=null>'), { pid: 9, exitCode: 11, signal: null });
+    assert.equal(parseExitLine('[pid=9][err] JavaScript warning'), null);
+    assert.equal(isAbnormalExit({ pid: 9, exitCode: 0, signal: null }), false);
+    assert.equal(isAbnormalExit({ pid: 9, exitCode: null, signal: 'SIGKILL' }), true);
+    assert.equal(isAbnormalExit({ pid: 9, exitCode: 139, signal: null }), true);
+});
+
+test('recognises the errors of a page, context or browser that went away', () => {
+    for (const message of ['Error: browser.newContext: Target page, context or browser has been closed',
+        'Protocol error (Page.navigate): Target closed', 'page.goto: Page crashed', 'Target crashed']) {
+        assert.equal(isTargetGone(message), true, message);
+    }
+    for (const message of ['expect(locator).toBeVisible() failed', undefined, 'Test timeout of 30000ms exceeded.']) {
+        assert.equal(isTargetGone(message), false, String(message));
+    }
+});
+
+test('records the browser channel into a bounded tail without printing it', () => withDebug('', () => {
+    const printed = [];
+    debug.log = (...args) => printed.push(args.join(' '));
+    const written = [];
+    const recorder = createBrowserLogRecorder({ debug, limit: 3, write: text => written.push(text) });
+    const browser = debug('pw:browser');
+    browser('<launched> pid=5');
+    for (const n of [1, 2, 3, 4]) browser(`[pid=5][err] line ${n}`);
+    assert.deepEqual(printed, [], 'the browser channel stays quiet when DEBUG did not ask for it');
+    assert.match(recorder.tail(), /line 2[\s\S]*line 3[\s\S]*line 4/);
+    assert.doesNotMatch(recorder.tail(), /line 1/);
+    assert.deepEqual(written, []);
+    assert.deepEqual(recorder.launches(), [5], 'launches outlive the bounded tail');
+    browser('[pid=5] <process did exit: exitCode=null, signal=SIGKILL>');
+    assert.deepEqual(recorder.exits(), [{ pid: 5, exitCode: null, signal: 'SIGKILL' }]);
+    assert.deepEqual(written, [`${BROWSER_EXIT_PREFIX}browser pid=5 exited: exitCode=null, signal=SIGKILL\n`]);
+    browser('[pid=6] <process did exit: exitCode=0, signal=null>');
+    assert.equal(written.length, 1, 'a clean exit prints nothing');
+    recorder.uninstall();
+    assert.equal(debug.enabled('pw:browser'), false, 'uninstall restores the caller\'s DEBUG');
+}));
+
+test('keeps printing the channels the user enabled, the browser one included', () => withDebug('pw:api,pw:browser', () => {
+    const printed = [];
+    debug.log = function (...args) { printed.push(`${this.namespace} ${args.join(' ')}`); };
+    const recorder = createBrowserLogRecorder({ debug, write: () => {} });
+    debug('pw:api')('call');
+    debug('pw:browser')('[pid=1][out] hello');
+    debug('pw:protocol')('not enabled');
+    assert.equal(printed.length, 2);
+    assert.match(printed[0], /^pw:api /);
+    assert.match(printed[1], /^pw:browser /);
+    assert.doesNotMatch(recorder.tail(), /call/);
+    recorder.uninstall();
+    assert.equal(debug.enabled('pw:api'), true);
+    assert.equal(debug.enabled('pw:browser'), true);
+}));
+
+test('attaches the tail and the exit only to a test whose target went away', async () => withDebug('', async () => {
+    debug.log = () => {};
+    const recorder = createBrowserLogRecorder({ debug, write: () => {} });
+    const browser = debug('pw:browser');
+    browser('\u001b[30m[pid=8][err] Crash Annotation GraphicsCriticalError\u001b[0m');
+    browser('[pid=8] <process did exit: exitCode=null, signal=SIGKILL>');
+
+    const passed = testInfo({ status: 'passed' });
+    assert.equal(await attachBrowserLogs(passed, recorder), false);
+    const assertion = testInfo({ errors: [{ message: 'expect(locator).toBeVisible() failed' }] });
+    assert.equal(await attachBrowserLogs(assertion, recorder), false);
+    assert.deepEqual(assertion.attachments, []);
+
+    const closed = testInfo({ errors: [{ message: 'Error: browser.newContext: Target page, context or browser has been closed' }] });
+    assert.equal(await attachBrowserLogs(closed, recorder), true);
+    assert.equal(closed.attachments.length, 1);
+    const [{ name, path, contentType }] = closed.attachments;
+    assert.equal(name, 'browser-stderr');
+    assert.equal(contentType, 'text/plain');
+    const body = readFileSync(path, 'utf8');
+    assert.match(body, /^browser pid=8 exited: exitCode=null, signal=SIGKILL\n/);
+    assert.match(body, /\[pid=8\]\[err\] Crash Annotation GraphicsCriticalError/);
+    assert.doesNotMatch(body, /\u001b/, 'the attached log has no terminal colours');
+    recorder.uninstall();
+}));
+
+test('says so when the worker logged no abnormal exit', async () => withDebug('', async () => {
+    debug.log = () => {};
+    const recorder = createBrowserLogRecorder({ debug, write: () => {} });
+    const closed = testInfo({ errors: [{ message: 'x', stack: 'Error: Target closed\n    at y' }] });
+    assert.equal(await attachBrowserLogs(closed, recorder), true);
+    assert.match(readFileSync(closed.attachments[0].path, 'utf8'), /^no abnormal browser exit was logged in this worker\n/);
+    recorder.uninstall();
+}));
@@ -353,6 +353,20 @@ test('Windows and macOS run 3.12-3.14 on main, nightly and on demand, never on a
    assert.doesNotMatch(text, /cancel-in-progress: true|cancel-in-progress: \$/, 'no portability run is cancelled');
 });

+// #499: the native trash proof runs on both macOS CPUs, apart from the suite so a red suite never skips it.
+test('portability runs the native trash proof on arm64 and Intel macOS', () => {
+    const body = jobs(readWorkflow('portability.yml')).get('native-trash');
+    assert.ok(body, 'portability.yml has a native-trash job');
+    assert.deepEqual(matrixList(body, 'os'), ['macos-latest', 'macos-15-intel']);
+    assert.match(body, /^ {6}fail-fast: false$/m);
+    assert.doesNotMatch(body, /^ {4}needs:/m, 'it does not wait for the suite job');
+    assert.match(body, /^ {10}PM_NATIVE_TRASH: macos$/m);
+    assert.match(body, /^ {8}run: python -m unittest tests\.test_trash_macos_native tests\.test_trash_macos -v$/m);
+    const jobMinutes = Number(/^ {4}timeout-minutes: (\d+)$/m.exec(body)[1]);
+    const stepMinutes = Number(/^ {8}timeout-minutes: (\d+)$/m.exec(body)?.[1]);
+    assert.ok(stepMinutes > 0 && jobMinutes - stepMinutes >= 2, 'the proof step stops before the job limit');
+});
+
 // #493: the portability limit follows the rule in its comment: ceil(1.5 x the slowest of three
 // green main runs) + 3 minutes, never under 5, with those runs and times written above jobs:.
 // The times are whole-job wall times. That the runs were green and on main is the author's word.
@@ -0,0 +1,91 @@
+// What a browser printed before it died (#513). Playwright writes a browser's stderr, its launch and its exit
+// (`<process did exit: exitCode=…, signal=…>`) only to its `pw:browser` debug channel, which is off unless DEBUG is
+// set, so a browser that dies between two tests leaves the next test only "Target page, context or browser has been
+// closed". A worker records that channel into a bounded tail, prints one line when a browser exits abnormally and
+// attaches the tail to a test that fails on a closed or crashed target. Nothing is retried or hidden.
+import { createRequire } from 'node:module';
+import { writeFile } from 'node:fs/promises';
+import { format, stripVTControlCharacters } from 'node:util';
+
+const BROWSER_NAMESPACE = 'pw:browser';
+export const BROWSER_LOG_LIMIT = 300;
+export const BROWSER_EXIT_PREFIX = 'pm-browser-exit| ';
+const LAUNCH_LINE = /<launched> pid=(\d+)/;
+const EXIT_LINE = /\[pid=(\d+)\] <process did exit: exitCode=([^,]+), signal=([^>]+)>/;
+// The client's TargetClosedError, a protocol error of a closed or crashed target, and a crashed page.
+const TARGET_GONE = /Target page, context or browser has been closed|Target (?:closed|crashed)|Browser closed|browser has disconnected|Page crashed/i;
+
+/** The `debug` module Playwright logs through (the instance this worker's tests launch browsers with). */
+export function playwrightDebug() {
+    return createRequire(import.meta.url)('playwright-core/lib/utilsBundle').debug;
+}
+
+/** The pid, exit code and signal of a `process did exit` line, or null. */
+export function parseExitLine(line) {
+    const match = EXIT_LINE.exec(line);
+    if (!match) return null;
+    const value = text => (text === 'null' ? null : text);
+    const code = value(match[2]);
+    return { pid: Number(match[1]), exitCode: code === null ? null : Number(code), signal: value(match[3]) };
+}
+
+export const isAbnormalExit = exit => exit !== null && (exit.exitCode !== 0 || exit.signal !== null);
+
+/** True for an error message that says the page, context or browser under the test went away. */
+export const isTargetGone = message => TARGET_GONE.test(String(message ?? ''));
+
+/**
+ * Records `pw:browser` into a tail of at most `limit` lines. Other debug channels keep printing as before; the
+ * browser channel prints only when the user's own DEBUG asked for it. `write` gets one line per abnormal exit.
+ */
+export function createBrowserLogRecorder({ debug = playwrightDebug(), limit = BROWSER_LOG_LIMIT,
+    write = text => process.stderr.write(text) } = {}) {
+    const lines = [];
+    const launches = [];
+    const exits = [];
+    const userWantsBrowser = debug.enabled(BROWSER_NAMESPACE);
+    const previous = debug.disable();
+    const original = debug.log;
+    debug.log = function record(...args) {
+        if (this?.namespace !== BROWSER_NAMESPACE || userWantsBrowser) {
+            (original ?? (() => {})).apply(this, args);
+        }
+        if (this?.namespace !== BROWSER_NAMESPACE) return;
+        const line = stripVTControlCharacters(format(...args));
+        lines.push(line);
+        if (lines.length > limit) lines.splice(0, lines.length - limit);
+        const launched = LAUNCH_LINE.exec(line);
+        if (launched) launches.push(Number(launched[1]));
+        const exit = parseExitLine(line);
+        if (!exit) return;
+        exits.push(exit);
+        if (isAbnormalExit(exit)) {
+            write(`${BROWSER_EXIT_PREFIX}browser pid=${exit.pid} exited: exitCode=${exit.exitCode}, signal=${exit.signal}\n`);
+        }
+    };
+    debug.enable([previous, BROWSER_NAMESPACE].filter(Boolean).join(','));
+    return {
+        tail: () => lines.join('\n'),
+        launches: () => [...launches],
+        exits: () => [...exits],
+        uninstall() {
+            debug.log = original;
+            debug.disable();
+            if (previous) debug.enable(previous);
+        },
+    };
+}
+
+/** Attaches the browser log tail to a test that failed because its page, context or browser went away. */
+export async function attachBrowserLogs(testInfo, recorder) {
+    if (testInfo.status === testInfo.expectedStatus) return false;
+    if (!testInfo.errors.some(error => isTargetGone(error.message) || isTargetGone(error.stack))) return false;
+    const exits = recorder.exits().filter(isAbnormalExit)
+        .map(exit => `browser pid=${exit.pid} exited: exitCode=${exit.exitCode}, signal=${exit.signal}`);
+    const summary = exits.length ? exits.join('\n') : 'no abnormal browser exit was logged in this worker';
+    // A file, so the log travels with the uploaded test-results (the list reporter shortens a long body).
+    const path = testInfo.outputPath('browser-stderr.txt');
+    await writeFile(path, `${summary}\n--- last ${BROWSER_LOG_LIMIT} pw:browser lines ---\n${recorder.tail()}\n`);
+    await testInfo.attach('browser-stderr', { path, contentType: 'text/plain' });
+    return true;
+}
@@ -14,9 +14,11 @@ same mount, else the file's mount's ``.Trash/$uid`` (only under a real, sticky
 ``.Trash``) or ``.Trash-$uid``. Names are reserved by creating the
 ``.trashinfo`` with ``O_EXCL`` and the file is moved with
 ``renameat2(RENAME_NOREPLACE)``; without that call the move is refused.
-Windows never uses the Recycle Bin (#500: files over its capacity are deleted
-permanently, undetectably), so it answers ``windows-recycle``; macOS has no
-backend yet (#499). Both use :class:`UnavailableBackend`.
+macOS uses :class:`utils.trash_macos.MacTrashBackend` (#499): NSFileManager's
+``trashItemAtURL`` through ctypes, after refusing what it cannot show to be
+recoverable. Windows never uses the Recycle Bin (#500: files over its capacity
+are deleted permanently, undetectably), so it answers ``windows-recycle``
+through :class:`UnavailableBackend`.

 ``BACKEND`` is the one replaceable seam; tests install a fake.
 """
@@ -37,10 +39,22 @@ TRASH_IN_ROOT = "trash-in-root"
 PATH_TOO_LONG = "path-too-long"
 LOCKED = "locked"
 FAILED = "failed"
+NO_PERMISSION = "no-permission"
+CLOUD_SYNC = "cloud-sync"
 # Windows never uses the Recycle Bin (#500): it can delete permanently.
 WINDOWS_RECYCLE = "windows-recycle"
 CODES = frozenset(
-    {NO_TRASH, NETWORK, TRASH_IN_ROOT, PATH_TOO_LONG, LOCKED, FAILED, WINDOWS_RECYCLE}
+    {
+        NO_TRASH,
+        NETWORK,
+        TRASH_IN_ROOT,
+        PATH_TOO_LONG,
+        LOCKED,
+        FAILED,
+        NO_PERMISSION,
+        CLOUD_SYNC,
+        WINDOWS_RECYCLE,
+    }
 )

 HOME_TRASH_LABEL = "home trash"
@@ -66,6 +80,19 @@ class TrashRefused(Exception):
    def __init__(self, code: str, detail: str = ""):
        super().__init__(detail or code)
        self.code = code
+        self.detail = detail
+
+
+class TrashUnconfirmed(Exception):
+    """The system reported the file moved, but not to a place shown to be a trash.
+
+    The file is no longer where it was, so this is not a refusal: the caller
+    keeps the file's records and stops (#499 design §7.4).
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, detail: str):
+        super().__init__(detail)
+        self.detail = detail


 def parse_mountinfo(text: str) -> list[str]:
@@ -353,14 +380,21 @@ class FreedesktopBackend:


 def default_backend(platform: str = sys.platform):
-    """The backend for *platform*; Windows and macOS have none yet (#480)."""
+    """The backend for *platform* (#480, #499, #500).
+
+    macOS gets :class:`utils.trash_macos.MacTrashBackend`, which loads its
+    Foundation bridge only on first use (#499). Windows never uses the Recycle
+    Bin (#500).
+    """
+    if platform == "darwin":
+        from . import trash_macos
+
+        return trash_macos.MacTrashBackend()
    if platform == "win32" or platform.startswith("cygwin"):
        # #500, ruling (a): Windows deletes files larger than the Recycle Bin's
        # capacity permanently, and IFileOperation's PreDeleteItem guard cannot
        # tell (native probe runs 40951037575, 40953347904).
        return UnavailableBackend(WINDOWS_RECYCLE)
-    if platform == "darwin":
-        return UnavailableBackend()
    return FreedesktopBackend()


@@ -0,0 +1,489 @@
+"""The macOS Trash backend (#499): NSFileManager through ctypes, or refuse.
+
+``-[NSFileManager trashItemAtURL:resultingItemURL:error:]`` moves a file into
+its volume's trash folder (``~/.Trash`` on the startup volume,
+``<volume>/.Trashes/<uid>`` elsewhere) or fails with an ``NSError``; it renames
+name clashes itself and never replaces a file. Before calling it,
+:class:`MacTrashBackend` refuses what it cannot show to be recoverable:
+network volumes, read-only volumes, iCloud Drive and File Provider sync
+folders, a trash folder inside an output root, and files macOS would refuse
+for permission. Nothing here unlinks, copies or overwrites a file.
+
+The :class:`Bridge` is the only code that touches the Objective-C runtime. It
+sends ten fixed messages, each through ``objc_msgSend`` cast to its exact
+prototype (required on arm64), checks every object for nil before a send (a
+nil can raise an Objective-C exception, which would abort the process), and
+runs each call inside its own autorelease pool. It is loaded lazily, on the
+first ``available``/``move``; when it cannot load, every file answers
+``no-trash`` as before. The facts behind these rules were measured on macOS
+14, 15 (x86_64) and 26 (docs/egm/499-macos-trash/design.md §4).
+"""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import ctypes
+import logging
+import os
+import stat
+import sys
+import threading
+from dataclasses import dataclass
+
+from . import trash
+
+logger = logging.getLogger("prompt_manager.trash")
+
+COCOA = "NSCocoaErrorDomain"
+POSIX = "NSPOSIXErrorDomain"
+FEATURE_UNSUPPORTED = 3328
+_ENOENT = 2
+# Top-level Cocoa codes of a refused move (design §7.5); anything else is "failed".
+_MOVE_CODES = {
+    FEATURE_UNSUPPORTED: trash.NO_TRASH,
+    642: trash.NO_TRASH,  # NSFileWriteVolumeReadOnlyError
+    513: trash.NO_PERMISSION,  # NSFileWriteNoPermissionError
+    257: trash.NO_PERMISSION,  # NSFileReadNoPermissionError
+}
+_LOCK_FLAGS = stat.UF_IMMUTABLE | stat.SF_IMMUTABLE | stat.UF_APPEND | stat.SF_APPEND
+_CLOUD_FOLDERS = (("Library", "Mobile Documents"), ("Library", "CloudStorage"))
+
+
+@dataclass(frozen=True)
+class NSErr:
+    domain: str
+    code: int
+    under_domain: str | None = None
+    under_code: int | None = None
+
+
+@dataclass(frozen=True)
+class Facts:
+    """Resource values of a file's URL; ``None`` means the lookup failed or was nil."""
+
+    local: bool | None
+    read_only: bool | None
+    root_fs: bool | None
+    volume: str | None
+    ubiquitous: bool | None
+
+
+def error_detail(error: NSErr | None) -> str:
+    """``"<domain> <code> (<under_domain> <under_code>)"`` for the log."""
+    if error is None:
+        return "no NSError"
+    text = f"{error.domain} {error.code}"
+    if error.under_domain is not None:
+        text += f" ({error.under_domain} {error.under_code})"
+    return text
+
+
+def refusal_code(error: NSErr | None) -> str:
+    if error is None or error.domain != COCOA:
+        return trash.FAILED
+    return _MOVE_CODES.get(error.code, trash.FAILED)
+
+
+def _within(path: str, folder: str) -> bool:
+    path = os.path.normcase(path)
+    folder = os.path.normcase(folder)
+    trimmed = folder.rstrip("\\/") or folder
+    return path == trimmed or path.startswith(trimmed.rstrip(os.sep) + os.sep)
+
+
+def _identity(path: str):
+    info = os.stat(path)
+    return info.st_dev, info.st_ino
+
+
+def inside_any_root(path: str, roots) -> bool:
+    """Whether *path* (existing or not) lies in an output root, by file identity.
+
+    Every existing folder from *path* up to the top is compared with the
+    roots' ``(st_dev, st_ino)``, so case, NFC/NFD and symlinked spellings of a
+    root all match.
+    """
+    identities = set()
+    for root in roots:
+        try:
+            identities.add(_identity(str(root)))
+        except OSError:
+            continue
+    current = os.path.abspath(path)
+    while True:
+        try:
+            if _identity(current) in identities:
+                return True
+        except OSError:
+            pass
+        parent = os.path.dirname(current)
+        if parent == current:
+            return False
+        current = parent
+
+
+def _same_folder(left: str, right: str) -> bool:
+    try:
+        return _identity(left) == _identity(right)
+    except OSError:
+        return os.path.realpath(left) == os.path.realpath(right)
+
+
+class MacTrashBackend:
+    """``available``/``move`` for macOS; the bridge and file checks are seams."""
+
+    def __init__(
+        self, bridge=None, uid=None, home=None, lstat=os.lstat, access=os.access
+    ):
+        self._bridge = bridge
+        self._load_failed = False
+        self._lock = threading.Lock()
+        if uid is None:
+            uid = os.getuid() if hasattr(os, "getuid") else -1
+        self._uid = uid
+        self._home = home
+        self._lstat = lstat
+        self._access = access
+
+    def _get_bridge(self):
+        if self._bridge is None and not self._load_failed:
+            with self._lock:
+                if self._bridge is None and not self._load_failed:
+                    try:
+                        self._bridge = load_bridge()
+                    except (OSError, AttributeError, ValueError) as error:
+                        self._load_failed = True
+                        logger.warning("The macOS trash is unavailable: %s", error)
+        if self._bridge is None:
+            raise trash.TrashRefused(trash.NO_TRASH, "Foundation bridge not loaded")
+        return self._bridge
+
+    def _home_dir(self) -> str:
+        return os.path.realpath(self._home or os.path.expanduser("~"))
+
+    def _plan(self, path: str, roots):
+        """``(trash folder, facts)`` for *path*; raises TrashRefused (design §7.2)."""
+        bridge = self._get_bridge()
+        real = os.path.realpath(path)
+        facts = bridge.facts(real)
+        if facts.local is not True:
+            raise trash.TrashRefused(trash.NETWORK)
+        if facts.read_only is not False:
+            raise trash.TrashRefused(trash.NO_TRASH, "read-only volume")
+        home = self._home_dir()
+        if facts.ubiquitous is True or any(
+            _within(real, os.path.join(home, *parts)) for parts in _CLOUD_FOLDERS
+        ):
+            raise trash.TrashRefused(trash.CLOUD_SYNC)
+        folder, error = bridge.trash_dir(real)
+        if folder is None:
+            folder = self._predict(facts, error)
+        if inside_any_root(folder, roots):
+            raise trash.TrashRefused(trash.TRASH_IN_ROOT)
+        self._check_permission(real)
+        return folder, facts
+
+    def _predict(self, facts: Facts, error: NSErr | None) -> str:
+        """``<volume>/.Trashes/<uid>`` for a volume whose trash is not made yet."""
+        missing = (
+            error is not None
+            and error.domain == COCOA
+            and error.code == FEATURE_UNSUPPORTED
+            and error.under_domain == POSIX
+            and error.under_code == _ENOENT
+        )
+        if not missing or facts.root_fs is not False or not facts.volume:
+            raise trash.TrashRefused(trash.NO_TRASH, error_detail(error))
+        trashes = os.path.join(facts.volume, ".Trashes")
+        try:
+            info = self._lstat(trashes)
+        except FileNotFoundError:
+            info = None
+        except OSError as failure:
+            raise trash.TrashRefused(trash.NO_TRASH, str(failure)) from failure
+        if info is not None and not stat.S_ISDIR(info.st_mode):
+            raise trash.TrashRefused(trash.NO_TRASH, ".Trashes is not a folder")
+        return os.path.join(trashes, str(self._uid))
+
+    def _check_permission(self, real: str) -> None:
+        parent = os.path.dirname(real)
+        if not self._access(parent, os.W_OK | os.X_OK):
+            raise trash.TrashRefused(trash.NO_PERMISSION, "folder not writable")
+        try:
+            file_info = self._lstat(real)
+            parent_info = self._lstat(parent)
+        except OSError as failure:
+            raise trash.TrashRefused(trash.FAILED, str(failure)) from failure
+        for info in (file_info, parent_info):
+            if getattr(info, "st_flags", 0) & _LOCK_FLAGS:
+                raise trash.TrashRefused(trash.NO_PERMISSION, "immutable flag")
+        if parent_info.st_mode & stat.S_ISVTX and file_info.st_uid != self._uid:
+            raise trash.TrashRefused(trash.NO_PERMISSION, "sticky folder, foreign file")
+
+    def _label(self, folder: str, facts: Facts) -> str:
+        if _same_folder(folder, os.path.join(self._home_dir(), ".Trash")):
+            return trash.HOME_TRASH_LABEL
+        real = os.path.realpath(folder)
+        volume = os.path.realpath(facts.volume) if facts.volume else None
+        if volume and volume != os.path.realpath(os.sep) and _within(real, volume):
+            relative = os.path.relpath(real, volume).replace(os.sep, "/")
+            return f"{relative} on its drive"
+        return real
+
+    def available(self, path: str, roots) -> str | None:
+        """None when *path* can be trashed, else the refusal code (no writes)."""
+        try:
+            self._plan(path, roots)
+        except trash.TrashRefused as refused:
+            return refused.code
+        except OSError:
+            return trash.NO_TRASH
+        return None
+
+    def move(self, path: str, roots) -> str:
+        """Move *path* into its trash folder and return the label (design §7.4)."""
+        try:
+            planned, facts = self._plan(path, roots)
+        except OSError as failure:
+            raise trash.TrashRefused(trash.NO_TRASH, str(failure)) from failure
+        real = os.path.realpath(path)
+        ok, resulting, error = self._get_bridge().trash(real)
+        if not ok:
+            raise trash.TrashRefused(refusal_code(error), error_detail(error))
+        if os.path.lexists(real):
+            raise trash.TrashRefused(trash.FAILED, "reported moved, still in place")
+        if not resulting or inside_any_root(os.path.dirname(resulting), roots):
+            raise trash.TrashUnconfirmed(f"{real} -> {resulting!r}")
+        folder = os.path.dirname(resulting)
+        if not _same_folder(folder, planned):
+            logger.warning(
+                "macOS trashed %s to %s, not the planned %s", real, resulting, planned
+            )
+        return self._label(folder, facts)
+
+
+# ── the Foundation bridge ────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+_NS_TRASH_DIRECTORY = 102
+_NS_USER_DOMAIN_MASK = 1
+_LIBOBJC = "/usr/lib/libobjc.A.dylib"
+_FOUNDATION = "/System/Library/Frameworks/Foundation.framework/Foundation"
+_KEYS = (
+    "NSURLVolumeIsLocalKey",
+    "NSURLVolumeIsReadOnlyKey",
+    "NSURLVolumeIsRootFileSystemKey",
+    "NSURLVolumeURLKey",
+    "NSURLIsUbiquitousItemKey",
+    "NSUnderlyingErrorKey",
+)
+_REQUIRED_SELECTORS = (
+    ("NSURL", "fileURLWithFileSystemRepresentation:isDirectory:relativeToURL:"),
+    ("NSURL", "getResourceValue:forKey:error:"),
+    ("NSFileManager", "URLForDirectory:inDomain:appropriateForURL:create:error:"),
+    ("NSFileManager", "trashItemAtURL:resultingItemURL:error:"),
+)
+
+
+class _Nil(Exception):
+    """An Objective-C object was nil where a send needs one."""
+
+
+class Bridge:  # pragma: no cover - macOS only; the native-trash job runs it
+    """Foundation through ctypes: ``facts``, ``trash_dir`` and ``trash`` (design §6)."""
+
+    def __init__(self):
+        if sys.platform != "darwin":
+            raise OSError("the Foundation bridge exists only on macOS")
+        objc = ctypes.CDLL(_LIBOBJC)
+        foundation = ctypes.CDLL(_FOUNDATION)
+        void_p, char_p, byte = ctypes.c_void_p, ctypes.c_char_p, ctypes.c_byte
+        objc.objc_getClass.argtypes = [char_p]
+        objc.objc_getClass.restype = void_p
+        objc.sel_registerName.argtypes = [char_p]
+        objc.sel_registerName.restype = void_p
+        objc.objc_autoreleasePoolPush.argtypes = []
+        objc.objc_autoreleasePoolPush.restype = void_p
+        objc.objc_autoreleasePoolPop.argtypes = [void_p]
+        objc.objc_autoreleasePoolPop.restype = None
+        self._objc = objc
+        address = ctypes.cast(objc.objc_msgSend, void_p).value
+
+        def send(restype, *argtypes):
+            return ctypes.CFUNCTYPE(restype, void_p, void_p, *argtypes)(address)
+
+        out = ctypes.POINTER(void_p)
+        self._send_id = send(void_p)
+        self._send_responds = send(byte, void_p)
+        self._send_url = send(void_p, char_p, byte, void_p)
+        self._send_resource = send(byte, out, void_p, out)
+        self._send_bool = send(byte)
+        self._send_dir = send(void_p, ctypes.c_ulong, ctypes.c_ulong, void_p, byte, out)
+        self._send_trash = send(byte, void_p, out, out)
+        self._send_cstr = send(char_p)
+        self._send_long = send(ctypes.c_long)
+        self._send_object = send(void_p, void_p)
+        self._keys = {}
+        for name in _KEYS:
+            value = void_p.in_dll(foundation, name).value
+            if not value:
+                raise ValueError(f"Foundation constant {name} is nil")
+            self._keys[name] = value
+        for class_name, selector in _REQUIRED_SELECTORS:
+            if not self._send_responds(
+                self._class(class_name),
+                self._sel("respondsToSelector:"),
+                self._sel(selector),
+            ) and not self._instances_respond(class_name, selector):
+                raise ValueError(f"{class_name} does not respond to {selector}")
+
+    # helpers (call inside a pool) ------------------------------------------------
+
+    def _class(self, name: str):
+        value = self._objc.objc_getClass(name.encode())
+        if not value:
+            raise ValueError(f"no Objective-C class {name}")
+        return value
+
+    def _sel(self, name: str):
+        return self._objc.sel_registerName(name.encode())
+
+    def _instances_respond(self, class_name: str, selector: str) -> bool:
+        return (
+            self._send_responds(
+                self._class(class_name),
+                self._sel("instancesRespondToSelector:"),
+                self._sel(selector),
+            )
+            != 0
+        )
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _need(value):
+        if not value:
+            raise _Nil()
+        return value
+
+    def _manager(self):
+        return self._need(
+            self._send_id(self._class("NSFileManager"), self._sel("defaultManager"))
+        )
+
+    def _url(self, path: str):
+        return self._need(
+            self._send_url(
+                self._class("NSURL"),
+                self._sel(
+                    "fileURLWithFileSystemRepresentation:isDirectory:relativeToURL:"
+                ),
+                os.fsencode(path),
+                0,
+                None,
+            )
+        )
+
+    def _path(self, url) -> str | None:
+        if not url:
+            return None
+        raw = self._send_cstr(url, self._sel("fileSystemRepresentation"))
+        return os.fsdecode(raw) if raw else None
+
+    def _text(self, obj) -> str | None:
+        if not obj:
+            return None
+        raw = self._send_cstr(obj, self._sel("UTF8String"))
+        return raw.decode("utf-8", "replace") if raw else None
+
+    def _error(self, error) -> NSErr | None:
+        if not error:
+            return None
+        domain = self._text(self._send_id(error, self._sel("domain"))) or "?"
+        code = self._send_long(error, self._sel("code"))
+        under_domain = under_code = None
+        info = self._send_id(error, self._sel("userInfo"))
+        if info:
+            under = self._send_object(
+                info, self._sel("objectForKey:"), self._keys["NSUnderlyingErrorKey"]
+            )
+            if under:
+                under_domain = self._text(self._send_id(under, self._sel("domain")))
+                under_code = self._send_long(under, self._sel("code"))
+        return NSErr(domain, code, under_domain, under_code)
+
+    def _resource(self, url, key_name: str):
+        value, error = ctypes.c_void_p(), ctypes.c_void_p()
+        ok = self._send_resource(
+            url,
+            self._sel("getResourceValue:forKey:error:"),
+            ctypes.byref(value),
+            self._keys[key_name],
+            ctypes.byref(error),
+        )
+        return value.value if ok != 0 and value.value else None
+
+    def _flag(self, url, key_name: str) -> bool | None:
+        value = self._resource(url, key_name)
+        if value is None:
+            return None
+        return self._send_bool(value, self._sel("boolValue")) != 0
+
+    def _pooled(self, work):
+        pool = self._objc.objc_autoreleasePoolPush()
+        try:
+            return work()
+        except _Nil as nil:
+            raise trash.TrashRefused(trash.NO_TRASH, "nil Objective-C object") from nil
+        finally:
+            self._objc.objc_autoreleasePoolPop(pool)
+
+    # the bridge API (design §6.3) ----------------------------------------------
+
+    def facts(self, path: str) -> Facts:
+        def work():
+            url = self._url(path)
+            return Facts(
+                local=self._flag(url, "NSURLVolumeIsLocalKey"),
+                read_only=self._flag(url, "NSURLVolumeIsReadOnlyKey"),
+                root_fs=self._flag(url, "NSURLVolumeIsRootFileSystemKey"),
+                volume=self._path(self._resource(url, "NSURLVolumeURLKey")),
+                ubiquitous=self._flag(url, "NSURLIsUbiquitousItemKey"),
+            )
+
+        return self._pooled(work)
+
+    def trash_dir(self, path: str):
+        def work():
+            error = ctypes.c_void_p()
+            folder = self._send_dir(
+                self._manager(),
+                self._sel("URLForDirectory:inDomain:appropriateForURL:create:error:"),
+                _NS_TRASH_DIRECTORY,
+                _NS_USER_DOMAIN_MASK,
+                self._url(path),
+                0,
+                ctypes.byref(error),
+            )
+            if folder:
+                return self._path(folder), None
+            return None, self._error(error.value)
+
+        return self._pooled(work)
+
+    def trash(self, path: str):
+        def work():
+            resulting, error = ctypes.c_void_p(), ctypes.c_void_p()
+            ok = self._send_trash(
+                self._manager(),
+                self._sel("trashItemAtURL:resultingItemURL:error:"),
+                self._url(path),
+                ctypes.byref(resulting),
+                ctypes.byref(error),
+            )
+            if ok != 0:
+                return True, self._path(resulting.value), None
+            return False, None, self._error(error.value)
+
+        return self._pooled(work)
+
+
+def load_bridge() -> Bridge:
+    """The real Foundation bridge; raises OSError/ValueError where it cannot load."""
+    return Bridge()
@@ -317,6 +317,9 @@ export function createImageTaggingController({api, target, source = 'images', on
    // A save in flight: closing hands the capture release to its completion.
    let saving = false;
    let observedOnce = false;
+    // #515: the user typed since the last observation started (or before the first one answered), so the answer
+    // keeps that text.
+    let typed = false;

    function set(patch) {
        if (closed) return;
@@ -345,7 +348,8 @@ export function createImageTaggingController({api, target, source = 'images', on
    async function open({keepDraft = false} = {}) {
        if (closed) return;
        const serial = ++openSerial;
-        const draft = keepDraft ? state.manual : null;
+        // A reopen after an observation starts from its answer; text typed before any observation is kept (#515).
+        if (observedOnce) typed = false;
        const seenRevision = state.tagRevision;
        stopGenerating();
        releaseCapture();
@@ -385,15 +389,19 @@ export function createImageTaggingController({api, target, source = 'images', on
        const savedModel = !chosen && !modelPicked && read.model ? {model: read.model} : {};
        observedOnce = true;
        const {width, height, media_type: mediaType, preview_url: previewUrl, generate} = value.capture;
-        // A kept draft stays as typed unless another writer changed the set meanwhile: then the set leads it (I2).
-        const changed = draft !== null && value.tag_revision !== seenRevision;
+        // The draft is read now, so text typed while observing is kept (#515). A kept draft stays as typed unless
+        // another writer changed the set meanwhile: then the set leads it (I2). Text typed before the user saw any
+        // saved tags follows them, so a Save never drops tags it never showed.
+        const draft = keepDraft || typed ? state.manual : null;
+        const changed = keepDraft && value.tag_revision !== seenRevision;
+        const unseen = draft !== null && !keepDraft;
        const reason = generate.supported ? '' : (generate.reason || '');
        set({
            phase: 'ready',
            image: {filename: value.filename, title: value.title, width, height, mediaType, previewUrl,
                dimensions: width && height ? `${width} × ${height}` : null},
            savedTags: value.tags.slice(), tagRevision: value.tag_revision,
-            manual: draft === null ? value.tags.join(', ') : changed ? mergeCurrent(value.tags, draft) : draft,
+            manual: draft === null ? value.tags.join(', ') : changed || unseen ? mergeCurrent(value.tags, draft) : draft,
            draftRevision: state.draftRevision + 1,
            ...savedModel, options: {...defaults, ...chosen?.options}, optionsRevision: state.optionsRevision + 1,
            generateSupported: generate.supported, generateReason: generate.reason,
@@ -402,6 +410,7 @@ export function createImageTaggingController({api, target, source = 'images', on
    }

    function setManual(text) {
+        typed = true;
        set({manual: typeof text === 'string' ? text : ''});
    }

@@ -34,6 +34,7 @@ export const COPY = Object.freeze({
 const count = value => (Number.isSafeInteger(value) && value >= 0 ? value : 0);
 const ids = value => (Array.isArray(value) ? value.filter(id => Number.isSafeInteger(id) && id > 0) : []);
 const were = (value, singular, plural) => `${value.toLocaleString('en-US')} ${value === 1 ? singular : plural}`;
+const DIGEST = /^[0-9a-f]{64}$/;

 /** The preview's classes as counts and id lists, whatever else the answer holds. */
 export function reviewOf(preview) {
@@ -43,12 +44,43 @@ export function reviewOf(preview) {
        alreadyArchived: count(preview?.already_archived), notFound: count(preview?.not_found),
        imageLinks: count(preview?.image_links), backup: preview?.backup === 'off' ? 'off' : 'on',
        disk: preview?.disk && typeof preview.disk === 'object' ? preview.disk : null,
+        ...pairedOf(preview),
    };
 }

+/** #482: the archive ids that may be deleted permanently (each with its review digest), and the pair counts. */
+function pairedOf(preview) {
+    const archive = new Set(ids(preview?.archive)), given = preview?.review_digests ?? {};
+    const deletable = ids(preview?.deletable).filter(id => archive.has(id) && DIGEST.test(String(given?.[id] ?? '')));
+    const counts = preview?.paired_counts ?? {};
+    return {
+        deletable, digests: Object.fromEntries(deletable.map(id => [id, given[id]])),
+        pairedCounts: { pairs: count(counts.pairs), archivedPairs: count(counts.archived_pairs),
+            variants: count(counts.variants), keptNegatives: count(counts.kept_negatives) },
+        pairedImageLinks: count(preview?.paired_image_links), choice: 'archive',
+    };
+}
+
+/** #482: whether the review asks what to do with prompts in a saved pair. */
+export const hasPairedChoice = review => review.deletable.length > 0;
+
+/** #482: the review with its saved-pair choice (`archive`, the default, or `delete`); the original is unchanged. */
+export function withChoice(review, choice) {
+    return { ...review, choice: choice === 'delete' && hasPairedChoice(review) ? 'delete' : 'archive' };
+}
+
+const permanent = review => review.choice === 'delete';
+/** What is deleted and archived: Delete permanently moves the deletable ids from archive to delete. */
+function plan(review) {
+    if (!permanent(review)) return { plain: review.delete, paired: [], archive: review.archive };
+    const chosen = new Set(review.deletable);
+    return { plain: review.delete, paired: review.deletable, archive: review.archive.filter(id => !chosen.has(id)) };
+}
+
 export function reviewTitle(review) {
-    if (!review.archive.length) return 'Delete selected prompts';
-    if (!review.delete.length) return 'Archive selected prompts';
+    const { plain, paired, archive } = plan(review), deletes = plain.length + paired.length;
+    if (!archive.length) return 'Delete selected prompts';
+    if (!deletes) return 'Archive selected prompts';
    return 'Delete or archive selected prompts';
 }

@@ -70,49 +102,90 @@ export function archivedNoticeText(variantCount) {

 /** The review's `[term, value]` rows (design §7.2); rows that do not apply are left out. */
 export function reviewGrid(review, titleOf = () => null) {
+    if (permanent(review)) return permanentGrid(review, titleOf);
    const rows = [
        ['Delete permanently', `${countOf(review.delete.length, 'prompt')} not in a saved pair`],
        // The archive reason is the saved pair (a pair's positive or negative), with or without negative variants.
        ['Archive', `${countOf(review.archive.length, 'prompt')} in a saved pair: hidden, restorable`],
    ];
+    keptRows(rows, review, titleOf);
+    if (review.delete.length) deleteRows(rows, review, review.imageLinks);
+    return rows;
+}
+
+function keptRows(rows, review, titleOf) {
    if (review.protected.length) {
        const names = protectedNames(review, titleOf);
        rows.push(['Protected (kept)', `${review.protected.length.toLocaleString('en-US')}${names ? `: ${names}` : ''}`]);
    }
    if (review.alreadyArchived) rows.push(['Already archived', review.alreadyArchived.toLocaleString('en-US')]);
    if (review.notFound) rows.push(['No longer exist', review.notFound.toLocaleString('en-US')]);
-    if (review.delete.length) {
-        rows.push(['Image links removed', `${countOf(review.imageLinks, 'image')} will no longer show these prompts (files stay on disk)`]);
-        rows.push(['Backup', review.backup === 'on' ? 'Create and verify before deleting'
-            : 'Off: no safety backup (System › Backup & export › Recovery policy)']);
-    }
+}
+
+function deleteRows(rows, review, images) {
+    rows.push(['Image links removed', `${countOf(images, 'image')} will no longer show these prompts (files stay on disk)`]);
+    rows.push(['Backup', review.backup === 'on' ? 'Create and verify before deleting'
+        : 'Off: no safety backup (System › Backup & export › Recovery policy)']);
+}
+
+/** #482: the grid when Delete permanently is chosen. */
+function permanentGrid(review, titleOf) {
+    const { plain, paired, archive } = plan(review), counts = review.pairedCounts;
+    const parts = [plain.length && `${plain.length.toLocaleString('en-US')} not in a saved pair`,
+        `${paired.length.toLocaleString('en-US')} in a saved pair`].filter(Boolean);
+    const total = plain.length + paired.length;
+    const deleted = plain.length ? `${countOf(total, 'prompt')}: ${parts.join(', ')}` : `${countOf(total, 'prompt')} in a saved pair`;
+    const details = [counts.variants && `${counts.variants.toLocaleString('en-US')} with a negative prompt`,
+        counts.archivedPairs && `${counts.archivedPairs.toLocaleString('en-US')} archived`].filter(Boolean);
+    const rows = [['Delete permanently', deleted],
+        ['Saved pairs removed', `${countOf(counts.pairs, 'saved pair')}${details.length ? ` (${details.join(', ')})` : ''}`]];
+    if (counts.keptNegatives) rows.push(['Negatives kept', `${countOf(counts.keptNegatives, 'negative prompt')} ${counts.keptNegatives === 1 ? 'is' : 'are'} kept`]);
+    if (archive.length) rows.push(['Archive', `${countOf(archive.length, 'prompt')} used as another prompt's negative: hidden, restorable`]);
+    keptRows(rows, review, titleOf);
+    deleteRows(rows, review, review.imageLinks + review.pairedImageLinks);
    return rows;
 }

 /** The review's sentences, in order, each when it applies. */
 export function reviewSentences(review) {
+    if (permanent(review)) return permanentSentences(review);
    const sentences = [];
    if (review.archive.length) {
        sentences.push('Prompts in a saved pair, as its positive or its negative, are archived instead of deleted, so the ' +
            'pair and its runs stay intact. Archived prompts cannot be deleted. To bring them back, press Show archived prompts, ' +
            'select them and press Restore.');
    }
-    if (review.delete.length) {
-        const undo = review.backup === 'on'
-            ? ' Deleted prompts cannot be brought back one by one: the only way back is to restore the safety backup taken ' +
-              'first (System › Backup & export), which returns the whole library to that moment. It is kept among the last ' +
-              '10 safety backups.'
-            : ' Deleted prompts cannot be brought back.';
-        sentences.push("Deleting removes each prompt's text, title, category, tags, rating, notes, run count, last use and " +
-            `image links.${undo} Image files, favorites, collections and recorded runs stay. A later scan, a new image or a ` +
-            'node run with the same text adds it again as a new prompt.');
-    }
-    if (review.protected.length) sentences.push('Protected prompts are tagged __protected__; remove the tag to delete them.');
+    if (review.delete.length) sentences.push(removeSentence(review));
+    if (review.protected.length) sentences.push(PROTECTED_SENTENCE);
+    return sentences;
+}
+
+const PROTECTED_SENTENCE = 'Protected prompts are tagged __protected__; remove the tag to delete them.';
+function removeSentence(review, pairs = false) {
+    const undo = review.backup === 'on'
+        ? ' Deleted prompts cannot be brought back one by one: the only way back is to restore the safety backup taken ' +
+          'first (System › Backup & export), which returns the whole library to that moment. It is kept among the last ' +
+          '10 safety backups.'
+        : ' Deleted prompts cannot be brought back.';
+    return "Deleting removes each prompt's text, title, category, tags, rating, notes, run count, last use and " +
+        `image links.${undo} Image files, favorites, collections and recorded runs stay. A later scan, a new image or a ` +
+        `node run with the same text adds it again as a new prompt.${pairs ? ' A pair node run with the same text saves a new pair.' : ''}`;
+}
+
+/** #482: the sentences when Delete permanently is chosen. */
+function permanentSentences(review) {
+    const sentences = ['Deleting a prompt in a saved pair also removes its saved pairs, with their titles, categories, ' +
+        'ratings, notes, tags, run counts and image links. Their negative prompts are kept. Recorded runs stay in History ' +
+        'and Activity, listed by their text.', removeSentence(review, true)];
+    if (plan(review).archive.length) sentences.push("Prompts used as another prompt's negative are archived instead of deleted, " +
+        "so that prompt's variant stays.");
+    if (review.protected.length) sentences.push(PROTECTED_SENTENCE);
    return sentences;
 }

 export function primaryLabel(review) {
-    const deletes = review.delete.length, archives = review.archive.length;
+    const { plain, paired, archive } = plan(review);
+    const deletes = plain.length + paired.length, archives = archive.length;
    if (deletes && archives) return `Delete ${deletes.toLocaleString('en-US')} and archive ${countOf(archives, 'prompt')}`;
    return deletes ? `Delete ${countOf(deletes, 'prompt')}` : `Archive ${countOf(archives, 'prompt')}`;
 }
@@ -120,7 +193,8 @@ export function primaryLabel(review) {
 /** Why a review cannot start, or null: nothing to change, or no room for the promised backup. */
 export function blockedReason(review) {
    if (!review.delete.length && !review.archive.length) return COPY.none;
-    if (review.delete.length && review.disk && review.disk.sufficient === false) {
+    const deletes = review.delete.length + plan(review).paired.length;
+    if (deletes && review.disk && review.disk.sufficient === false) {
        return typeof review.disk.message === 'string' && review.disk.message
            ? review.disk.message : 'There is not enough free space for the safety backup. Nothing was changed.';
    }
@@ -133,21 +207,69 @@ export function blockedReason(review) {
 * close `onDismiss()`.
 */
 export function openDeleteReview({ scope, trigger, review, titleOf, onStart, onDismiss }) {
-    const title = reviewTitle(review), grid = reviewGrid(review, titleOf);
-    const options = reviewSentences(review).map(text => Object.assign(document.createElement('p'), { className: 'small', textContent: text }));
-    const blocked = blockedReason(review);
+    let current = withChoice(review, 'archive');
+    const paragraphs = target => reviewSentences(target).map(text => paragraph(text));
+    const title = reviewTitle(current), grid = reviewGrid(current, titleOf);
+    let sentences = paragraphs(current);
+    const blocked = blockedReason(current);
    if (blocked) {
        onDismiss();
-        openCloseOnlyReview({ scope, trigger, title, grid, options, sentence: blocked });
+        openCloseOnlyReview({ scope, trigger, title, grid, options: sentences, sentence: blocked });
        return;
    }
-    openReviewDialog({ scope, trigger, title, grid, options, cancelLabel: 'Cancel',
-        primary: { label: primaryLabel(review), danger: true }, onStart, onDismiss });
+    // #482: prompts in a saved pair ask Archive (the default, as #443) or Delete permanently, with their pairs.
+    const choice = hasPairedChoice(review) ? pairedChoice(value => update(value)) : null;
+    const dialog = openReviewDialog({ scope, trigger, title, grid, options: choice ? [choice, ...sentences] : sentences,
+        cancelLabel: 'Cancel', primary: { label: primaryLabel(current), danger: true },
+        onStart: () => onStart(current), onDismiss });
+    function update(value) {
+        current = withChoice(review, value);
+        dialog.setRows(reviewGrid(current, titleOf));
+        const reason = blockedReason(current);
+        const next = paragraphs(current);
+        if (reason) next.push(paragraph(reason));
+        for (const node of sentences) node.remove();
+        choice.after(...next);
+        sentences = next;
+        const heading = choice.closest('dialog')?.querySelector('#modal-title');
+        if (heading) heading.textContent = reviewTitle(current);
+        dialog.setPrimary({ label: primaryLabel(current), disabled: Boolean(reason) });
+    }
+}
+
+const paragraph = text => Object.assign(document.createElement('p'), { className: 'small', textContent: text });
+export const PAIRED_CHOICES = Object.freeze([
+    Object.freeze({ value: 'archive', label: 'Archive (hidden, restorable)' }),
+    Object.freeze({ value: 'delete', label: 'Delete permanently, with their saved pairs' }),
+]);
+
+/** #482: the D90 radio row ("Prompts in a saved pair"), Archive checked; it is built fresh for every review. */
+function pairedChoice(onChange) {
+    const group = document.createElement('div');
+    group.className = 'field';
+    group.setAttribute('role', 'radiogroup');
+    const caption = document.createElement('span');
+    caption.textContent = 'Prompts in a saved pair';
+    caption.id = 'library-delete-choice-label';
+    group.setAttribute('aria-labelledby', caption.id);
+    group.append(caption);
+    for (const choice of PAIRED_CHOICES) {
+        const label = document.createElement('label');
+        const input = document.createElement('input');
+        Object.assign(input, { type: 'radio', name: 'library-delete-choice', value: choice.value, checked: choice.value === 'archive' });
+        input.addEventListener('change', () => { if (input.checked) onChange(choice.value); });
+        label.append(input, ` ${choice.label}`);
+        group.append(label);
+    }
+    return group;
 }

 /** The write's body: the reviewed lists, the epoch and the reviewed backup promise. */
 export function deleteBody(review) {
-    return { archive_ids: review.archive, delete_ids: review.delete, expected_epoch: review.epoch, backup: review.backup };
+    const body = { archive_ids: review.archive, delete_ids: review.delete, expected_epoch: review.epoch, backup: review.backup };
+    // #482: the archive ids to delete permanently, each with the digest of what the review showed.
+    if (permanent(review)) Object.assign(body, { delete_paired_ids: review.deletable, paired_digests: review.digests });
+    return body;
 }

 function failureOutcome(failure, copy) {
@@ -172,14 +294,15 @@ export function deleteOutcome(result, failure, review) {
        return failureOutcome(failure, { storage: COPY.storage, unconfirmed: COPY.unconfirmed, failed: COPY.failed });
    }
    const deleted = count(result.deleted), archived = count(result.archived);
-    const parts = [];
+    const parts = [], pairs = count(result.pairs_removed);
    if (deleted) parts.push(`Deleted ${countOf(deleted, 'prompt')}.`);
+    if (pairs) parts.push(`Removed ${countOf(pairs, 'saved pair')}.`);
    if (archived) parts.push(`Archived ${countOf(archived, 'prompt')}.`);
    if (!parts.length) parts.push(NOTHING);
    const already = count(result.already_archived), missing = count(result.not_found), changed = count(result.changed);
    if (already) parts.push(`${were(already, 'was', 'were')} already archived.`);
    if (missing) parts.push(`${missing.toLocaleString('en-US')} no longer ${missing === 1 ? 'exists' : 'exist'}.`);
-    if (changed) parts.push(`${changed.toLocaleString('en-US')} changed since the review and ${changed === 1 ? 'was' : 'were'} kept.`);
+    if (changed) parts.push(`${changed.toLocaleString('en-US')} changed since the review and ${changed === 1 ? 'was' : 'were'} not deleted.`);
    const kept = review?.protected?.length || 0;
    if (kept) parts.push(`${countOf(kept, 'protected prompt')} ${kept === 1 ? 'was' : 'were'} kept.`);
    if (typeof result.backup === 'string' && result.backup) parts.push(`Safety backup saved: ${result.backup} (System › Backup & export).`);
@@ -205,3 +328,31 @@ export function previewOutcome(failure) {
    if (failure?.code === 'busy') return failureOutcome(failure, {});
    return { toast: COPY.reviewFailed, committed: false, reload: false };
 }
+
+/**
+ * #481: review and run a delete of `ids` outside the selection bar (a prompt's own page): the same preview, review
+ * (#482's choice included), backup and write. `onSettled(outcome, result, failure)` runs once the write has answered
+ * (or the preview failed: `result` null); a dismissed review calls `onDismiss()`. The toast is the caller's.
+ */
+export async function reviewPromptDelete({ api, scope, trigger, ids: promptIds, epoch, titleOf, onSettled, onDismiss = () => {} }) {
+    const body = { prompt_ids: promptIds, expected_epoch: epoch };
+    let preview = null, failure = null;
+    try {
+        preview = await api.post(PREVIEW_URL, body, { signal: scope.signal });
+    } catch (error) {
+        failure = error;
+    }
+    if (scope.signal.aborted) return;
+    if (failure !== null || !preview?.success) { onSettled(previewOutcome(failure), null, failure); return; }
+    const review = { ...reviewOf(preview), epoch };
+    openDeleteReview({ scope, trigger, review, titleOf, onDismiss,
+        onStart: async chosen => {
+            let result = null, error = null;
+            try {
+                result = await api.post(DELETE_URL, deleteBody(chosen));
+            } catch (caught) {
+                error = caught;
+            }
+            onSettled(deleteOutcome(result, error, chosen), result?.success ? result : null, error);
+        } });
+}
@@ -122,7 +122,7 @@ function datalist(id, values) {
 * exit when prompt storage was restored; the dialog closes first.
 */
 export function createLibraryEditor({api, parentScope, onCommitted = () => {}, onReconciled = () => {},
-    onRefreshRequired = () => window.location.reload()}) {
+    onRefreshRequired = () => window.location.reload(), onDeletePrompt = null}) {
    let session = null, disposed = false;
    const dialog = el('dialog', undefined, 'library-editor');
    dialog.setAttribute('aria-labelledby', 'library-editor-title');
@@ -222,7 +222,10 @@ export function createLibraryEditor({api, parentScope, onCommitted = () => {}, o
        } else form.append(el('p', NEGATIVE_HELP, 'small'));
        const line = statusLine(), recovery = new Map();
        const actions = el('div', undefined, 'dialog-actions');
-        const revise = createButton('Create text revision'), archive = createButton('Archive…', 'danger');
+        // D161 (#481): the variant's archive is named for it, beside the prompt's own Delete prompt… (the concept's one
+        // "Archive…" in this row archives the prompt, app.js 976).
+        const revise = createButton('Create text revision'), archive = createButton('Archive variant…', 'danger');
+        const removePrompt = createButton('Delete prompt…', 'danger');
        const cancel = createButton('Cancel'), save = createButton('Save', 'ca-primary');
        save.type = 'submit';
        form.append(line.note, actions);
@@ -237,6 +240,12 @@ export function createLibraryEditor({api, parentScope, onCommitted = () => {}, o
        cancel.addEventListener('click', () => finish(), {signal: views.signal});
        revise.addEventListener('click', () => open({mode: 'revision', positiveId, pairId, trigger: session.trigger}), {signal: views.signal});
        archive.addEventListener('click', () => archiveView(), {signal: views.signal});
+        // #481: the prompt's own delete review (#443/#482) replaces this dialog; focus returns to its trigger.
+        removePrompt.addEventListener('click', () => {
+            const {trigger} = session;
+            finish();
+            onDeletePrompt?.({positiveId, trigger});
+        }, {signal: views.signal});
        if (!negativeOnly) loadVocabulary(tags, views.signal);

        let categoryKey = null, refocus = null;
@@ -256,6 +265,7 @@ export function createLibraryEditor({api, parentScope, onCommitted = () => {}, o
            cancel.disabled = close.disabled = saving;
            // After a restore the numeric IDs may name another prompt; only the Library reload exit stays.
            revise.disabled = saving || restoredStorage(state);
+            removePrompt.disabled = saving || restoredStorage(state);
            const pairProblem = readOnly && !state.pair && pairId === null ? NO_PAIR : state.pair?.archived ? ALREADY_ARCHIVED : null;
            archive.disabled = !SUBMITTABLE.has(state.phase) || !state.pair || state.pair.archived;
            const status = statusOf(state, false, mode);
@@ -263,7 +273,8 @@ export function createLibraryEditor({api, parentScope, onCommitted = () => {}, o
            if (!status && pairProblem) archive.setAttribute('aria-describedby', line.note.id);
            else archive.removeAttribute('aria-describedby');
            const retry = recoveryButton(recovery, status?.action, views.signal);
-            setChildren(actions, [...(retry ? [retry] : []), ...(readOnly ? [revise, archive] : []), cancel, save]);
+            const prompt = readOnly && onDeletePrompt ? [removePrompt] : [];
+            setChildren(actions, [...(retry ? [retry] : []), ...(readOnly ? [revise, archive, ...prompt] : []), cancel, save]);
            refocus = restoreFocus(refocus, state, [retry, save]);
            if (state.phase === 'complete') finish();
        }
@@ -291,8 +291,9 @@ export function mountLibrarySelection({ scope, api, grid, getItems, getEpoch, ge
        deleteButton.textContent = DELETE_LABEL;
        openDeleteReview({ scope, trigger: deleteButton, review, titleOf: nameOf,
            onDismiss: unlock,
-            onStart: () => write(DELETE_URL, deleteBody(review), 'delete', (result, error) => deleteOutcome(result, error, review),
-                review.delete.length ? 'Deleting…' : 'Archiving…') });
+            // #482: the review as chosen (Archive, or Delete permanently with the prompts' saved pairs).
+            onStart: chosen => write(DELETE_URL, deleteBody(chosen), 'delete', (result, error) => deleteOutcome(result, error, chosen),
+                chosen.delete.length || chosen.choice === 'delete' ? 'Deleting…' : 'Archiving…') });
    }
    /** Restore (#443): the selected archived prompts go back on the shelf. */
    function restoreSelected() {
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ import {libraryFilters,libraryViewState} from './saved-views.mjs';
 import {openRefineDialog,openContentDialog} from './workspace-dialogs.mjs';
 import {mountLibrarySelection} from './library-selection.mjs';
 import {fallBackToOriginal,replaceOnError,showsThumbnail,thumbnailSource} from './thumbnail-support.mjs';
-import {COPY as DELETE_COPY,RESTORE_URL,archivedNoticeText,restoreOutcome} from './library-delete.mjs';
+import {COPY as DELETE_COPY,RESTORE_URL,archivedNoticeText,restoreOutcome,reviewPromptDelete} from './library-delete.mjs';

 let shelfVisit=null;
 // Every confirmed receipt advances this; a shelf mounted before it never restores its cached stream.
@@ -194,12 +194,15 @@ export function mountLibrary(main,api,parentScope,{positiveId,savedState=null,on
        const more=createButton('Load more prompts');const retry=createButton('Retry prompt library');retry.hidden=true;
        const actions=headingActions(main,section);
        const exportButton=createButton('Export');exportButton.setAttribute('aria-label','Export full Library JSON');
-        // #443 D152: the shelf's counterpart of Negative variants' Show archived (#235); N follows the filters.
-        const showArchived=createButton('Show archived prompts');showArchived.setAttribute('aria-pressed',String(filters.shelf==='archived'));
+        // #443 D152: the shelf's counterpart of Negative variants' Show archived (#235); N follows the filters. #482: on
+        // the archived shelf it reads the concept's own way back ("← Prompt library", app.js 594); a plain button whose
+        // label names where it goes, so it carries no pressed state its changing label would contradict.
+        const BACK_TO_LIBRARY='← Prompt library';
+        const showArchived=createButton(filters.shelf==='archived'?BACK_TO_LIBRARY:'Show archived prompts');
        const newPrompt=createButton('+ New prompt','ca-primary');actions.append(showArchived,exportButton,newPrompt);
        scope.listen(showArchived,'click',()=>{
            if(selection.writing()) return;
-            filters.shelf=filters.shelf==='archived'?'active':'archived';showArchived.setAttribute('aria-pressed',String(filters.shelf==='archived'));
+            filters.shelf=filters.shelf==='archived'?'active':'archived';
            reset();selection.shelfChanged();
        });
        const exportStatus=el('p','','library-options-status');exportStatus.hidden=true;exportStatus.setAttribute('role','alert');
@@ -408,7 +411,8 @@ export function mountLibrary(main,api,parentScope,{positiveId,savedState=null,on
                    :`${countOf(next.total,'positive prompt')} · ${countOf(next.variantTotal,'negative variant')}`;
                if(captionCount.textContent!==count) captionCount.textContent=count;caption.hidden=false;
            }
-            const archivedLabel=next.archivedTotal===null?'Show archived prompts':`Show archived prompts (${next.archivedTotal.toLocaleString('en-US')})`;
+            const archivedLabel=filters.shelf==='archived'?BACK_TO_LIBRARY
+                :next.archivedTotal===null?'Show archived prompts':`Show archived prompts (${next.archivedTotal.toLocaleString('en-US')})`;
            if(showArchived.textContent!==archivedLabel) showArchived.textContent=archivedLabel;
            const filtered=Boolean(filters.text || filters.category || filters.tags.length || filters.folder || filters.tagMode!=='all');
            const empty=filters.shelf==='archived'?(filtered?'No archived prompts match.':'No archived prompts.'):'No matching prompts. Try changing the filters.';
@@ -492,9 +496,37 @@ export function mountLibrary(main,api,parentScope,{positiveId,savedState=null,on
        let pendingSelection=takeSavedSelection(positiveId);
        if(selectedPairs.get(positiveId)?.id!==pendingSelection) selectedPairs.delete(positiveId);
        const loader=createLibraryDetail({api,onChange:render});scope.cleanup(()=>loader.dispose());
-        const editor=createLibraryEditor({api,parentScope:scope,onCommitted:invalidateLibraryAfterWrite,onReconciled:reconciled,onRefreshRequired:reloadView});
+        const editor=createLibraryEditor({api,parentScope:scope,onCommitted:invalidateLibraryAfterWrite,onReconciled:reconciled,onRefreshRequired:reloadView,
+            onDeletePrompt:()=>deletePrompt()});
+        /** #481: this prompt through the Library's Delete… review; a delete returns to the shelf, an archive shows its notice. */
+        let deleting=false;
+        // While the review or its write runs, Edit metadata is held (as the selection bar holds its actions), so no save
+        // can race the delete; aria-disabled keeps it focusable for the return.
+        function holdEdit(held) {
+            deleting=held;
+            if(held) edit.setAttribute('aria-disabled','true');else edit.removeAttribute('aria-disabled');
+        }
+        function deletePrompt() {
+            const shown=detail;if(deleting || !shown?.positive) return;
+            // One review at a time, as the selection bar holds itself (a second press during the preview starts nothing).
+            holdEdit(true);
+            reviewPromptDelete({api,scope,trigger:edit,ids:[shown.positive.id],epoch:shown.library_epoch,
+                titleOf:()=>displayTitle(shown.positive),onDismiss:()=>{holdEdit(false);if(edit.isConnected) edit.focus({preventScroll:true});},
+                onSettled:(outcome,result,failure)=>{
+                    holdEdit(false);
+                    if(outcome.committed) invalidateLibraryAfterWrite({kind:'bulk-delete',receipt:result ?? {phase:'unconfirmed'}});
+                    // A left page still invalidates what it cached, but says nothing (as the bar's write).
+                    if(scope.signal.aborted) return;
+                    showWorkspaceToast(outcome.toast);
+                    // Restored storage: the whole Library view reads again, as the editor's own restore path.
+                    if(failure?.code==='storage-changed') {reloadView();return;}
+                    if(result && Number.isSafeInteger(result.deleted) && result.deleted>0) {focusHeadingOnMount=true;window.location.hash='#/library';return;}
+                    if(outcome.reload) {detail=null;loader.load(positiveId);focusHeading(main);}
+                }});
+        }
        scope.listen(back,'click',()=>{window.location.hash='#/library';});
        scope.listen(edit,'click',()=>{
+            if(deleting) return;
            const draft=metadataDrafts.get(positiveId);metadataDrafts.delete(positiveId);
            editor.open({mode:'metadata',positiveId,pairId:current?.activePairId() ?? null,trigger:edit,draft:draft || null});
        });
@@ -491,13 +491,17 @@ export function openReviewDialog({ scope, title, heading = null, grid, options =
    if (heading) nodes.push(el('h3', heading));
    const list = el('dl', undefined, 'meta-grid');
    const values = new Map();
-    for (const [term, value] of grid) {
-        const entry = el('div');
-        const dd = el('dd', value);
-        values.set(term, dd);
-        entry.append(el('dt', term), dd);
-        list.append(entry);
-    }
+    const fill = rows => {
+        values.clear();
+        list.replaceChildren(...rows.map(([term, value]) => {
+            const entry = el('div');
+            const dd = el('dd', value);
+            values.set(term, dd);
+            entry.append(el('dt', term), dd);
+            return entry;
+        }));
+    };
+    fill(grid);
    nodes.push(list, ...options);
    if (sentence) nodes.push(el('p', sentence, 'small'));
    if (backup) nodes.push(backupNotice(backup));
@@ -506,6 +510,7 @@ export function openReviewDialog({ scope, title, heading = null, grid, options =
    let started = false;
    cancel.addEventListener('click', () => finish());
    start.addEventListener('click', () => {
+        if (start.getAttribute('aria-disabled') === 'true') return;
        started = true;
        finish();
        onStart();
@@ -524,6 +529,17 @@ export function openReviewDialog({ scope, title, heading = null, grid, options =
            const dd = values.get(term);
            if (dd) dd.title = text;
        },
+        /** #482: the rows a choice in the review changes (`[term, value]` pairs, as `grid`). */
+        setRows(rows) {
+            requireGrid(rows);
+            fill(rows);
+        },
+        /** #482: the primary's label, and whether it can start (an unavailable start stays in place, aria-disabled). */
+        setPrimary({ label, disabled = false }) {
+            if (typeof label !== 'string' || !label) throw new TypeError('The review needs its label');
+            start.textContent = label;
+            start.setAttribute('aria-disabled', String(Boolean(disabled)));
+        },
    };
 }